Wage premium of fatherhood and labor supply in Japan

Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC)1994-2006, we examine the effect of child birth on fathers’ wage rates and labor supply in Japan. We also compare effects of fatherhood among different cohorts by dividing the JPSC sample into two birth year cohorts (born in or before 1960 and born after 1960). We find that birth of child significantly increase hourly wage rates by 2.8 percents and annual work by 65 hours. Comparing with results in the U.S. (Lundberg and Rose 2002), the effect of child birth on labor supply is large but the effect on wage rates are relatively small in Japan. We also find that child birth have different impact on labor market outcome between the early and the later cohorts. In the early cohort, birth of child significantly increases wage rates but has no significant effect on labor supply. On the contrary, birth of child does not increases wage rates but significantly increases labor supply in the later cohort. Finally, we examine how gender difference of children matters. Although the impact of gender difference is not so large, the effect of birth of sons is larger than the effect of birth of daughters.child birth; labor supply; wage premium

教養娯楽価格が出産に与える影響

In recent years, changes in women's lifestyles, and a decline in recreation goods price due to technological progress have been observed in Japan. In this paper, we use Japanese household micro data and examine the effect of recreation goods price on child birth in Japan. We find that the decrease in the price of recreation goods contributes to the decline in child birth. Traditionally, research studies focused mainly on relationships between child birth and women’s wage, women’s labor supply and educational spending, but we show here that leisure is also an important factor affecting child birth, along with these factors

女性の賃金が親への介護行動に与える影響

Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), this paper analyzes how the wage rates of married women are related to whether they take care of their and their husbands’ parents or not. We find that married women who earn higher wages tend not to take care of their own parents but instead make larger money transfers to them. These results suggest that the higher wages of married women induces the substitution of care giving for money transfers to parents, which may be attributed to the increase in the opportunity cost of care. On the other hand, we find that the high wages of these women are negatively related to their support of their husbands’ parents

Wage premium of fatherhood and labor supply in Japan

Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC)1994-2006, we examine the effect of child birth on fathers’ wage rates and labor supply in Japan. We also compare effects of fatherhood among different cohorts by dividing the JPSC sample into two birth year cohorts (born in or before 1960 and born after 1960). We find that birth of child significantly increase hourly wage rates by 2.8 percents and annual work by 65 hours. Comparing with results in the U.S. (Lundberg and Rose 2002), the effect of child birth on labor supply is large but the effect on wage rates are relatively small in Japan. We also find that child birth have different impact on labor market outcome between the early and the later cohorts. In the early cohort, birth of child significantly increases wage rates but has no significant effect on labor supply. On the contrary, birth of child does not increases wage rates but significantly increases labor supply in the later cohort. Finally, we examine how gender difference of children matters. Although the impact of gender difference is not so large, the effect of birth of sons is larger than the effect of birth of daughters

Wage premium of fatherhood and labor supply in Japan

Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC)1994-2006, we examine the effect of child birth on fathers’ wage rates and labor supply in Japan. We also compare effects of fatherhood among different cohorts by dividing the JPSC sample into two birth year cohorts (born in or before 1960 and born after 1960). We find that birth of child significantly increase hourly wage rates by 2.8 percents and annual work by 65 hours. Comparing with results in the U.S. (Lundberg and Rose 2002), the effect of child birth on labor supply is large but the effect on wage rates are relatively small in Japan. We also find that child birth have different impact on labor market outcome between the early and the later cohorts. In the early cohort, birth of child significantly increases wage rates but has no significant effect on labor supply. On the contrary, birth of child does not increases wage rates but significantly increases labor supply in the later cohort. Finally, we examine how gender difference of children matters. Although the impact of gender difference is not so large, the effect of birth of sons is larger than the effect of birth of daughters

教養娯楽価格が出産に与える影響

In recent years, changes in women's lifestyles, and a decline in recreation goods price due to technological progress have been observed in Japan. In this paper, we use Japanese household micro data and examine the effect of recreation goods price on child birth in Japan. We find that the decrease in the price of recreation goods contributes to the decline in child birth. Traditionally, research studies focused mainly on relationships between child birth and women’s wage, women’s labor supply and educational spending, but we show here that leisure is also an important factor affecting child birth, along with these factors

女性の賃金が親への介護行動に与える影響

Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC), this paper analyzes how the wage rates of married women are related to whether they take care of their and their husbands’ parents or not. We find that married women who earn higher wages tend not to take care of their own parents but instead make larger money transfers to them. These results suggest that the higher wages of married women induces the substitution of care giving for money transfers to parents, which may be attributed to the increase in the opportunity cost of care. On the other hand, we find that the high wages of these women are negatively related to their support of their husbands’ parents

仕事満足度に関するジェンダー間パラドックス

Previous studies found that although women have disadvantages in terms of wage and working conditions in labor markets, they derive more satisfaction from work than men do. This is called the “gender–job satisfaction paradox.” In this paper, we use a data set composed of company personnel data and employee survey data to examine whether such a paradox exists in Japan. In addition, we use the Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition technique to reveal the main factors contributing to this paradox. We use two measures of job satisfaction. One is overall job satisfaction, a comprehensive measure that determines employees’ overall level of satisfaction with their jobs. The other is treatment job satisfaction, a measure that considers job treatments such as wage, working hours, and job description. We found a gender–job satisfaction paradox in treatment job satisfaction. We also identified satisfaction with job responsibilities and the constant term as the main factors contributing to this paradox