Studies on tissue and cell cultures for plant regeneration of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

Explants of leaf, root and petiole were taken from in vitro grown Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) plants and their regeneration ability was compared by culturing these explants on media with various supplements. The regeneration ability in root and petiole explants was higher than that in leaf ones, and a combination of 0.3 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) with 0.01 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium was the most effective, yielding 100% shoot regeneration frequency and associated with the highest number of 1.84 shoots per explant. Explants with higher chromosome level need higher cytokinine concentration to achieve higher regeneration frequency. In the experiments, haploid and diploid plants showed higher regeneration potential at 0.3 mg/l BA whereastetraploid (2n=44) required a higher BA concentration of 0.5 mg/l to accelerate the ability. All explants from two and a half months old plantlets produced buds in high frequency; 1143.9 buds were regenerated from 1g explants. With the established regeneration culture system, it was possible to obtain a large number (1124864) of buds within one year period from one mother plant. For initiation of roots from the regenerated shoots and stimulation of growth of the plantlets, all shoots from different explants responded equally well on medium with 0.01 mg/l NAA

Китайско-российское инвестиционное сотрудничество: современное состояние, проблемы и перспективы развития

In process of growth of investments of the Chinese enterprises to Russia variety of problems has gradually come to light. Sometimes there were simply failures to an investment of financial assets. Authors of article have tried to find an explanation and ways of the decision of similar failures. Stimulus of the Chinese direct investments to Russia, working out of system investment strategy can serve by the government of China, at simultaneous acceptance by the Russian government of measures for maintenance of the Chinese enterprises in Russia.По мере роста инвестиций китайских предприятий в Россию постепенно выявился целый ряд проблем, в частности, неудачи с вложением финансовых средств. Авторы статьи попытались найти объяснение и пути решения подобных ситуаций. Стимулом китайских прямых инвестиций в Россию, по мнению авторов, может послужить разработка правительством Китая системной инвестиционной стратегии при одновременном принятии российским правительством мер для поддержания китайских предприятий в России