Solving the Problem of Silicon Dioxide Melting Based on Deviation Model

In order to reveal the dissolution behavior of iron tailings in blast furnace slag, we studied the main component of silica in iron tailings. First, edge contour features need to be established to represent the melting process of silica. We choose shape, perimeter, area and generalized radius as objects. By independently analyzing the influence of these four indexes on the melting rate, the area and shape were selected as the characteristic parameters of the edge contour of the silica particles. Then, the actual melting rate of the silica is estimated by the edge contour feature index. Finally, we can calculate the melting rate of the first second of three time periods of 0.00010312mm3/s, 0.0002399mm3/s, 0.0000538mm3/s

The largest virialized dark halo in the universe

Using semi-analytic approach, we present an estimate of the properties of the largest virialized dark halos in the present universe for three different scenarios of structure formation: SCDM, LCDM and OCDM models. The resulting virial mass and temperature increase from the lowest values of $1.6 \times 10^{15}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ and 9.8 keV in OCDM, the mid-range values of $9.0 \times 10^{15}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ and 31 keV in LCDM, to the highest values of $20.9 \times 10^{15}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$, 65 keV in SCDM. As compared with the largest virialized object seen in the universe, the richest clusters of galaxies, we can safely rule out the OCDM model. In addition, the SCDM model is very unlikely because of the unreasonably high virial mass and temperature. Our computation favors the prevailing LCDM model in which superclusters may be marginally regarded as dynamically-virialized systems.Comment: 5 pages, Accepted by Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Investigation of Maillard reaction involvement in the steam processing of Panax Notoginseng root

Purpose: To explore the possible mechanism of Maillard reaction (MR) involvement in the steam processing of Panax notoginseng (PN) root.Methods: PN root was soaked in water for 24 h and then steamed at 100 °C using an autoclave for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h, respectively. Several indicators associated with MR during steam processing were measured. The pH and absorbance at 420 nm (A420) of samples were measured using a pH meter and an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, respectively. The contents of 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural (5-HMF) and sugars were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while amino acids were evaluated using an automatic amino acid analyzer.Results: During PN root steam processing (0 - 6 h), pH value gradually decreased from 6.35 ± 0.02 to 5.88 ± 0.03 while A420 value gradually increased from 0.23 ± 0.01 to 0.44 ± 0.02. The levels of reducing sugars (maltose and glucose) and amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamate, cysteine, lysine and arginine) in PN root decreased after steaming for 6 h. However, the content of 5-HMF in PN root increased with increase in steaming time.Conclusion: The results indicate that MR occurs during steam processing of PN root, and the reaction mechanism might be closely related to the reaction between the reducing sugars and amino acids.Keywords: Panax notoginseng, Steaming, Reducing sugars, Amino acids, Maillard reactio

An experimental and numerical study on structural dynamic stress of a landing gear

This paper concerns the main landing gear of certain light aircraft, and the dynamic stress on the main landing gear during the landing process is analyzed. A complete dynamic drop test is developed for the landing gear of light aircraft on the main landing gear, and the changes of dynamic strain exerted on the strut in the process of drop are measured. Simultaneously, the simulation software LMS Virtual.Lab Motion is used to build the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model and simulate the process of drop and the results of the dynamic stress is obtained by means of computer simulation. Afterwards, the results of the dynamic stress between simulation and test are contrasted, and the sources of data error are analyzed. To sum up, the study shows that the dynamic stress in the flexible part of landing gear possesses a high accuracy through combining the analysis results of simulation and test, which meets the safety design criteria of the landing gear. Moreover, the method used to build the rigid-flexible coupling model is an available and reliable way for the simulation of drop test, which can provide a deep basis for future research

Effective field theories of topological crystalline insulators and topological crystals

We present a general approach to obtain effective field theories for topological crystalline insulators whose low-energy theories are described by massive Dirac fermions. We show that these phases are characterized by the responses to spatially dependent mass parameters with interfaces. These mass interfaces implement the dimensional reduction procedure such that the state of interest is smoothly deformed into a topological crystal, which serves as a representative state of a phase in the general classification. Effective field theories are obtained by integrating out the massive Dirac fermions, and various quantized topological terms are uncovered. Our approach can be generalized to other crystalline symmetry protected topological phases and provides a general strategy to derive effective field theories for such crystalline topological phases.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. Published version with minor change