Effects of visfatin on locomotor activity and body temperature.

<p>Locomotor activity and body temperature were measured for 24 h after ICV administration of visfatin. (A) ICV injection of visfatin resulted in decreased locomotor activity during the dark period, but there was no change in activity during the light period. (B) Body temperature began to increase 2 h after ICV injection of visfatin and remained high until about 20 h after injection. Mean temperature after the injection time (at 0 h) was significantly different between groups. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 10). ***P<0.001 vs. control rats injected with 0.9% saline solution.</p

Effects of melanocortin receptors 3/4 antagonist on visfatin-induced sickness behaviors.

<p>Two-month-old male rats were ICV-injected with visfatin or vehicle 30 min after ICV injection of SHU9119 and were allowed access to food immediately after the final treatment. (A) Change in food intake was measured 24 h after the injections of SHU9119 and visfatin. (B, C) Changes in locomotor activity (B) and body temperature (C) were monitored in rats IP-implanted with telemetry-transmitters. In C, time 0 indicates visfatin injection. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control rats injected with 0.9% saline solution; ^##P<0.01 vs. visfatin-injected rats.</p

Effect of ICV administration of visfatin on α-MSH synthesis in the ARC.

<p>To determine the effect of visfatin on α-MSH synthesis, visfatin was ICV-injected into the lateral ventricles of rats deprived of food for one day. Ninety minutes after the injection, the rats were sacrificed and their brains were fixed via transcardiac perfusion for IHC or were sliced for excising the ARC using a micropunch. Expressions of α-MSH (A) and POMC (B) were determined through IHC and real-time PCR, respectively. To determine the effects of prostaglandins on visfatin-induced changes in POMC expression, indomethacin (Indo) was IP-injected 30 min prior to injection of visfatin, and its effect was determined using real-time PCR (C). 3V = third ventricle. Data (in B and C) are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. control rats injected with 0.9% saline solution; ^###P<0.001 vs. fasting. Scale bar  = 50 µm.</p

Effect of COX inhibitor on visfatin-induced sickness behaviors.

<p>To determine the involvement of prostaglandins on visfatin-induced sickness behaviors, rats were IP-injected with indomethacin (Indo) 30 min prior to injection with visfatin. Parameters such as body temperature, locomotor activity and food intake were observed for one day after injection of visfatin. Indomethacin completely blocked the visfatin-induced increase in body temperature (A) and partially attenuated the effects of visfatin on locomotor activity (B) and body weight (C). However, indomethacin did not affect the visfatin-induced decrease in food intake (D). Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control rats injected with 0.9% saline solution; ^#P<0.05 and ^###P<0.001 vs. visfatin-injected rats.</p

Visfatin-induced increases in hypothalamic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes.

<p>RNA was extracted from rat hypothalami 6 h after ICV injection of visfatin. mRNA expressions encoding TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 and mPGES-1 were determined using real-time PCR. Visfatin significantly stimulated the expressions of TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), COX2 (C) and mPGES-1 (D) mRNA in the hypothalamus. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control rats injected with 0.9% saline solution.</p

180125_supplementary_Tables - Thrombin Generation Assay Detects Moderate-Intensity Statin-Induced Reduction of Hypercoagulability in Diabetes

<p>180125_supplementary_Tables for Thrombin Generation Assay Detects Moderate-Intensity Statin-Induced Reduction of Hypercoagulability in Diabetes by Hee Sue Park, Ja-Yoon Gu, Hyun Ju Yoo, Se Eun Han, Chan Ho Park, Young Il Kim, Il Sung Nam-Goong, Eun Sook Kim, and Hyun Kyung Kim in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p

Attitudes towards E-Cigarette Regulation among Participants.

<p>Attitudes towards E-Cigarette Regulation among Participants.</p

Counseling Preparedness on E-Cigarette Use among Participants.

<p>Counseling Preparedness on E-Cigarette Use among Participants.</p

Baseline Characteristics of Participants (n = 185).

<p>Baseline Characteristics of Participants (n = 185).</p

Opinions on the public funding of national lung cancer screening program among lung cancer specialist physicians.

<p>Opinions on the public funding of national lung cancer screening program among lung cancer specialist physicians.</p