Baseline characteristics of all gastric cancer patients.

Baseline characteristics of all gastric cancer patients.</p

Survival function analysis: Bleeding GC vs. non-bleeding GC.

Survival function analysis: Bleeding GC vs. non-bleeding GC.</p

Hemostatic intervention of bleeding gastric cancer.

Hemostatic intervention of bleeding gastric cancer.</p

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with bleeding gastric cancer.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with bleeding gastric cancer.</p

PLOS’ questionnaire on inclusivity in global research.

PLOS’ questionnaire on inclusivity in global research.</p

Identification of the Genes That Contribute to Lactate Utilization in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>

<div><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> are Gram-negative, spiral-shaped microaerophilic bacteria etiologically related to gastric cancer. Lactate utilization has been implicated although no corresponding genes have been identified in the <i>H. pylori</i> genome. Here, we report that gene products of <i>hp0137–0139</i> (<i>lldEFG</i>), <i>hp0140–0141</i> (<i>lctP</i>), and <i>hp1222</i> (<i>dld</i>) contribute to D- and L-lactate utilization in <i>H. pylori</i>. The three-gene unit <i>hp0137–0139</i> in <i>H. pylori</i> 26695 encodes L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) that catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in an NAD-dependent manner. Isogenic mutants of these genes were unable to grow on L-lactate-dependent medium. The <i>hp1222</i> gene product functions as an NAD-independent D-LDH and also contributes to the oxidation of L-lactate; the isogenic mutant of this gene failed to grow on D-lactate-dependent medium. The parallel genes <i>hp0140–0141</i> encode two nearly identical lactate permeases (LctP) that promote uptake of both D- and L-lactate. Interestingly an alternate route must also exist for lactate transport as the knockout of genes did not completely prevent growth on D- or L-lactate. Gene expression levels of <i>hp0137–0139</i> and <i>hp1222</i> were not enhanced by lactate as the carbon source. Expression of <i>hp0140–0141</i> was slightly suppressed in the presence of L-lactate but not D-lactate. This study identified the genes contributing to the lactate utilization and demonstrated the ability of <i>H. pylori</i> to utilize both D- and L-lactate.</p></div

Endoscopic finding in patients with gastric cancer.

Endoscopic finding in patients with gastric cancer.</p

Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis of factors associated with 1-year mortality.

Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis of factors associated with 1-year mortality.</p

Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA2</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.

<p>Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA2</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.</p

Results of the meta-analysis for the risk of peptic ulcer in <i>iceA1</i>-positive <i>H. pylori</i> infections.

<p>Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) in summary and for each study are presented using a fixed-effect model. PUD: peptic ulcer disease.</p