位相同期解析に基づく機能的結合指標の検出能比較－脳磁図データおよびシミュレーションデータを用いた検討

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第22828号医博第4667号新制||医||1047(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 村井 俊哉, 教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 高橋 淳学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

A Research on the Treatment of Complex Sulphide Ores. V : On the Recovery of Sulphur

Hydrogen sulphide was oxidized with air in the presence of iron, manganese or vanadium oxide as catalyst. The main product of the oxidation was either elementary sulphur or sulphur dioxide according to the ratio of air to hydrogen sulphide. When hydrogen sulphide was mixed to about 29% with air, a maximum yield of sulphur was obtained amounting to about 90% and sulphur dioxide which was formed simultaneously was a little. Amount of sulphur formed decreased and that of sulphur dioxide increased as the ratio of air to hydrogen sulphide was increased. With a mixture containing 12% of hydrogen sulphide, 80% of the sulphur was oxidized to sulphur dioxide and the remainder was found as elementary sulphur. The oxidation took place at relatively low temperature At 200～400℃, 90% of the sulphur was recoreved as elementary sulphur with a mixture which contained 28% of hydrogen sulphide. An effect of flowing rate on the reaction was little

Identifying and reverting the adverse effects of white matter hyperintensities on cortical surface analyses

ありふれた脳の白質病変がMRI画像解析を悪化させていた --従来手法に機械学習を組み入れた改善手法の開発--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-10-02.The Human Connectome Project (HCP)-style surface-based brain MRI analysis is a powerful technique that allows precise mapping of the cerebral cortex. However, the strength of its surface-based analysis has not yet been tested in the older population that often presents with white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on T2-weighted (T2w) MRI (hypointensities on T1w MRI). We investigated T1-weighted (T1w) and T2w structural MRI in 43 healthy middle-aged to old participants. Juxtacortical WMHs were often misclassified by the default HCP pipeline as parts of the gray matter in T1w MRI, leading to incorrect estimation of the cortical surfaces and cortical metrics. To revert the adverse effects of juxtacortical WMHs, we incorporated the Brain Intensity AbNormality Classification Algorithm into the HCP pipeline (proposed pipeline). Blinded radiologists performed stereological quality control (QC) and found a decrease in the estimation errors in the proposed pipeline. The superior performance of the proposed pipeline was confirmed using an originally-developed automated surface QC based on a large database. Here we showed the detrimental effects of juxtacortical WMHs for estimating cortical surfaces and related metrics and proposed a possible solution for this problem. The present knowledge and methodology should help researchers identify adequate cortical surface biomarkers for aging and age-related neuropsychiatric disorders

An Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor Vascularity and Proliferation Activity in Cholangiocellular Carcinoma: Relationship to Clinicopathologic Factors and Prognosis after Hepatic Resection

This study was designed to provide an immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biological factors in 28 patients who underwent hepatectomy for cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC). Analyzed factors were microvessel counts (stained by CD34) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA L.I. was correlated with serum level of CA19-9, which was correlated with a higher recurrence rate and shorter patient survivals. Microvessel counts were negatively correlated with tumor size. Furthermore, the microvessel count in CCC with mass-forming (MF) plus periductal infiltrating (PI) type associated with poorer survivals, was significantly lower compared to that of CCC with MF type or PI type. Neither microvessel counts nor PCNA L.I. were associated with any other clinicopathologic factors or cancer recurrence. The five-year overall and cancer-free survival rates were 26% and 13%, respectively. Patients with MF plus PI type, poorer differentiated carcinoma, stage 4A and higher CA19-9 level had shorter cancer-free and overall survivals after hepatectomy (p<0.05). Cancer-free and overall survivals in patients with lower microvessel counts tended to be slightly worse but were not significantly different. Although tumor microvessel count and proliferating activity were correlated with prognostic clinicopathologic parameters, both factors might not be prognostic markers for predicting CCC recurrence and patient survival

Changes of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Tyrosine Ratio (BTR) after Hepatectomy

To clarify the clinical usefulness of measuring branched chain amino acids and tyrosine ratio (BTR), which is correlated with Fischer\u27s ratio, we examined the serum BTR level in 33 patients with liver diseases. Serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and tyrosine were measured by the new enzymatic method, which costs inexpensive and is immediate compared to measuring Fischer\u27s ratio. BTR was calculated as ratio of concentration of BCAA to tyrosine. BTR was correlated with levels of albumin, transaminase and cholinesterase and was lower in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, Child B cirrhosis and portal hypertension. In 19 patients who underwent hepatic resection included 8 for major hepatectomy, resected volume, blood loss, operation time and background of liver diseases were not associated with changes of BTR after hepatectomy. In patients with prolonged jaundice, postoperative BTR level was significantly lower between day I and 7 after hepatectomy. We concluded that serum BTR level was correlated with poor liver function and monitoring of BTR levels after hepatectomy may be useful to evaluate degree of hepatic damage after liver surgery

Transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer: National Multi‐Center Survey in Japan

Head and neck cancers, especially in hypopharynx and oropharynx, are often detected at advanced stage with poor prognosis. Narrow band imaging enables detection of superficial cancers and transoral surgery is performed with curative intent. However, pathological evaluation and real-world safety and clinical outcomes have not been clearly understood. The aim of this nationwide multicenter study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer. We collected the patients with superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who were treated by transoral surgery from 27 hospitals in Japan. Central pathology review was undertaken on all of the resected specimens. The primary objective was effectiveness of transoral surgery, and the secondary objective was safety including incidence and severity of adverse events. Among the 568 patients, a total of 662 lesions were primarily treated by 575 sessions of transoral surgery. The median tumor diameter was 12 mm (range 1–75) endoscopically. Among the lesions, 57.4% were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The median procedure time was 48 minutes (range 2–357). Adverse events occurred in 12.7%. Life-threatening complications occurred in 0.5%, but there were no treatment-related deaths. During a median follow-up period of 46.1 months (range 1–113), the 3-year overall survival rate, relapse-free survival rate, cause-specific survival rate, and larynx-preservation survival rate were 88.1%, 84.4%, 99.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. Transoral surgery for superficial head and neck cancer offers effective minimally invasive treatment