Мастнокиселинен състав на биволско мляко при интензивно и пасищно отглеждане

With the aim to assess the fatty-acid profile of buffalo milk from intensive and pasture farming system, the study included two farms. Farm 1 assigned 9 non-grazing buffaloes raised on green fodder or maize silage, and Farm 2 – 8 buffaloes on pasture until November and hay in winter. Individual samples of milk, taken in 7 monthly test days from August to February, were subjected to the Roese-Gottlieb lipid analysis. Analyses of variance were carried out per each fatty acid (FA), including the effects of farming, test day, milk yield and fat content. Farming system was established to be significant source of variation of all individual monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) and total PUFA. All PUFAs, except C20:3n3 and C20:2n6, showed better values in the milk from the buffaloes on pasture – more than 2-fold difference in total conjugated linoleic acids (0.913%) and rumenic acid (0.829%) in particular, in alpha-linolenic (0.145%) and gamma-linolenic (0.502%) acid, and in omega-3 FAs (n3), rendering n6/n3 ratio definitely lower (1.99). This applies also to greater extent to trans-C18:1 (4.027%) and vaccenic acid (2.323%) in particular, and to lesser to atherogenicity (2.44) and thrombogenicity (3.21) index. While C18:4n3 was found to increase, vaccenic and gammalinolenic acid decline throughout grazing season, as well as conjugated linoleic acids with the exception of a peak in December. C20:5n3, C22:5n3 and C20:3n6 are characterized by such even more pronounced peak.С цел оценка на мастнокиселия състав на биволското мляко от интензивна и пасищна система за отглеждане, в проучването бяха включени две ферми. От ферма 1 бяха взети 9 биволици без паша, хранени със зелена маса или царевичен силаж, а от ферма 2 – 8 биволици на пасищно отглеждане до ноември и на сено през зимата. Индивидуалните проби мляко, взети в 7 месечни тестови дни от август до февруари, бяха подложени на липиден анализ по метода на Roese-Gottlieb. Бяха проведени анализи на варианса за всяка мастна киселина (МК), включвайки ефектите на ситемата на отглеждане, тестовия ден, млечността и маслеността. Беше установено, че системата на отглеждане е достоверен източник на вариране на всички отделни мононенаситени и полиненаситени (ПНМК) МК, както и ∑ПНМК. Всички ПНМК, с изключение на C20:3n3 и C20:2n6, показват по-добри стойности в млякото от биволиците на паша – повече от двукратна разлика в сумата от конюгираните линолови киселини (0,913%) и в частност в C18:2c9t11 (0,829%), в алфа-линоленова (0,145%) и гама-линоленова (0,502%) киселина, както и в омега-3 (n3), правейки съотношението n6/n3 определено по-ниско (1,99). Това се отнася до голяма степен до транс-С18:1 (4,027%), в частност C18:1t11 (2,323%), и в по-малка до индекса на атерогенност (2,44) и тромбогенност (3,21). Докато C18:4n3 се повишава, C18:1t11 и гама-линоленовата киселина намаляват с напредване на пасищния сезон, както и конюгираните линолови киселини с изключение на пика през декември. C20:5n3, C22:5n3 и C20:3n6 се характеризират с подобен, още по-силно изразен пик

Параметри на лактационната крива в зависимост от продължителността на лактация при биволици от две различни системи на отглеждане

Buffaloes from intensive (farm 1 - Fm1; 438 normal, 115 short lactations) and pasture (farm 2 - Fm2; 330 + 58 lactations) system were assigned to study lactation curve via ANOVA (LSMLMW and MIXMDL) per each 10-day period (“tenday”), as well as overall (PI1) and post-peak (PIP) persistency. Greatest is the effect of parity and season, also of year on 2nd-12th tenday. Persistency is affected by parity, year and season of calving, and especially by peak month and DIM (P≤0.001). The curves showed peak averagely at 2nd tenday in both herds. Compared to the buffaloes on pasture, Fm1 has significantly lower milk in initial two and in 15th to 21st tendays, defining slower decline to mid-lactation and faster after that. These differences in the curves predetermine a non-significant difference in PI1 between Fm1 and Fm2 (0.932 and 0.940) and a significant but still small superiority in PIP of Fm2 (0.893) over Fm1 (0.880). The lactations below 210 days are 17.8%, persistency being 0.859 to 0.742, and peak by 17 to 32% worse than normal lactation. Long and very long lactations’ persistency is 0.923 and 0.950. Only very long lactations have а typical curve – 4th tenday peak, by 10% lower than normal lactation.Бяха включени биволици от интензивна (Fm1 – 438 нормални и 115 къси лактации) и пасищна (Fm2 - 330 + 58 лактации) технология на отглеждане, за проучване на лактационната крива чрез ANOVA (LSMLMW и MIXMDL) за всяка 10-дневка, както и на общото (PI1) и след-пиково (PIP) постоянство. Най-значим е ефектът на поредната лактация и сезона,, както и на годината за 2-ра–12-та десетдневка. Постоянството се влияе от поредната лактация, годината, сезона, и особено от пиковия месец и дойните дни (P≤0.001). Пикът е средно през 2-ра десетдневка в двете стада. В сравнение с биволиците на паша, Fm1 има достоверно по-ниска млечност в първите две и в 15та–21ва десетдневка, дефинирайки по-бавен спад до средата на лактацията и по-бърз след това. Тези разлики в кривите предопределят недостоверна разлика в PI1 между Fm1 и Fm2 (0.932 и 0.940) и и малко но достоверно превъзходство в PIP на Fm2 (0.893) спрямо Fm1 (0.880). Лактациите под 210 дни съставляват 17,8%, като постоянството е от 0,859 до 0,742, а пика е със 17 до 32% по-нисък от нормалната лактация. Постоянството на дългите и много дългите лактации е 0,923 и 0,950. Само много дългите лактации имат типична крива – пик в четвърто десетдневие, с 10% по-нисък от нормалната лактация

Basic methods for investigating and proving sickle-cell anemia

Въведение: Сърповидно-клетъчната анемия (СКА) е генетично детерминирано заболяване, представляващо сериозен обществен здравен проблем не само за страните с традиционно висока честота (Африка, Азия, Америка, Средиземноморие), но и за множество от европейските страни, където се наблюдава непрекъснато нарастване на честотата на това заболяване. Цел: Да представим методи, използвани за скриниране и диагноза на СКА. Дискусия: Методите, използвани при скриниране и диагностициране на СКА са два основни типа: рутинни и високо специализирани лабораторни методи. Рутинните тестове включват ПКК, биохимични показатели за доказване на хемолиза in vivo, изследване на урина, както и скриниращите тестове за доказване наличието на HbS - тестове за разтворимост, тестове, предизвикващи промяна във формата на еритроцитите и др. От изключително значение за потвърждаване на диагноза е използването на високо специализирани техники за разделяне на белтъци като електрофореза и високоефективна течна хроматография (HPLC), определящи абнормните хемоглобинови варианти. За нуждите на пренаталната диагностика се използва и ДНК анализ за доказване на точкова мутация в гена за бета веригата на глобиновата молекула. Заключение: Необходимо е да се познават различните видове методи за скриниране и диагноза на СКА, за да е максимално ефективен и бърз диагностичният процес при това разпространено и не рядко тежко протичащо наследствено заболяване.Introduction: The sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) is a genetically determined disease, that is a major public health issue amongst not only the countries where it is traditionally quite common (Africa, Asia, America and the Mediterranean), but also the majority of European countries, where a significant increase of the frequency of the disease is observed. Aim: To present methods used for screening and diagnose of SCA. Discussion: The methods used for screening and diagnose of SCA can be classified into two main categories - routine ones and highly specialised laboratory methods. The routine tests include complete blood count, biochemical parameters to prove in vivo haemolysis, urine tests and the screening tests for presence of HbS e.g. sickling tests and solubility tests. In order to confirm the diagnosis of SCA the usage of protein separation techniques such as electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detection of abnormal hemoglobin variants is of high importance. Concerning prenatal diagnostics DNA analysis is also used for detection of point mutation in the fetus beta gene of globin molecule. Conclusion: In order to ensure with maximum of effectiveness the diagnostic process of this common hereditary disease, a good knowledge of all available screening and diagnostic methods is needed

Study of the Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction via Final-State Interactions in Exclusive Reactions

A novel approach that allows access to long-sought information on the Hyperon-Nucleon (YN) interaction was developed by producing a hyperon beam within a few-body nuclear system, and studying final-state interactions. The determination of polarisation observables, and specifically the beam spin asymmetry, in exclusive reactions allows a detailed study of the various final-state interactions and provides us with the tools needed to isolate kinematic regimes where the YN interaction dominates. High-statistics data collected using the CLAS detector housed in Hall-B of the Thomas Jefferson laboratory allows us to obtain a large set of polarisation observables and place stringent constraints on the underlying dynamics of the YN interaction

Study of the Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction in Exclusive Photoproduction off the Deuteron

The study of final-state interactions in exclusive hyperon photoproduction off the deuteron is a promising approach to extract information about the hyperon-nucleon (YN) interaction. First preliminary results on the azimuthal asymmetry ∑, as well as the polarization transfer coeffcients Ox, Oz, Cx, and Cz for the reaction γd → K+ Λn initiated with linearly and circularly polarized photon beam are presented. The data were taken with the CLAS detector in Hall B of Jefferson Lab during the E06-103 experiment. The large kinematic coverage of the CLAS, combined with the exceptionally high quality of the experimental data, allows identifying and selecting final-state interaction events to extract single- and double-polarization observables and their kinematical dependencies

Pregnancy Rates Associated with Oxidative Stress after Estrus Synchronization of Bulgarian Murrah Buffaloes in Breeding and Non-Breeding Season

Background: The current study aims to measure the effect of oxidative stress on the pregnancy rates of Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes during the breeding and non-breeding season. Methods: The study group consisted of 24 mature buffaloes more than 40 days after parturition. The following parameters were measured: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) products, Ascorbate radicals, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Protein Carbonyl Content (PPC), and total Nitric oxide. The Presynch/Ovsynch protocol was used for estrus synchronization. Results: A statistically significant increase in ROS products were measured in blood serum during the breeding season compared with the non-breeding season. The highest levels measured were in non-pregnant buffaloes during the breeding season. High levels of oxidative stress were registered due to low SOD activity in buffaloes during the breeding season compared to SOD activity during the non-breeding season. The highest SOD activity was observed in non-pregnant buffaloes during the summer season. The lowest GSH-Px levels were observed in non-pregnant buffaloes during both study periods. During the breeding season, concentrations of total NO and PPC were elevated. Conclusion: Comparing the obtained results for oxidative stress and antioxidant activity concerning pregnancy rate depending on the season showed that pregnancy in buffaloes during the breeding season was realized at higher values of NO and SOD. Increased oxidative stress was observed, resulting in a statistically significant increase in serum ROS products, as well as decreased SOD activity in buffaloes during the breeding season

Beam-spin asymmetry Σ\boldsymbol{\Sigma} for Σ−\Sigma^- hyperon photoproduction off the neutron

We report a new measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry $\boldsymbol{\Sigma}$ for the $\vec{\gamma} n \rightarrow K^+\Sigma^-$ reaction using quasi-free neutrons in a liquid-deuterium target. The new dataset includes data at previously unmeasured photon energy and angular ranges, thereby providing new constraints on partial wave analyses used to extract properties of the excited nucleon states. The experimental data were obtained using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), housed in Hall B of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab). The CLAS detector measured reaction products from a liquid-deuterium target produced by an energy-tagged, linearly polarised photon beam with energies in the range 1.1 to 2.3 GeV. Predictions from an isobar model indicate strong sensitivity to $N(1720)3/2^+$, $\Delta(1900)1/2^-$, and $N(1895)1/2^-$, with the latter being a state not considered in previous photoproduction analyses. When our data are incorporated in the fits of partial-wave analyses, one observes significant changes in $\gamma$-$n$ couplings of the resonances which have small branching ratios to the $\pi N$ channel.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Hadron Spectroscop