FMDV-specific antibody response after vaccination with Bm-P12A3C's.

a<p>Bovines were vaccinated with vaccine prepared from 30 folds diluted expressed antigens (Bm-P12A3C) or the control (BmBacPAK-6) and challenged 28 days later.</p>b<p>FMDV-specific antibody titer reported as the serum dilution by LPBE method.</p>c<p>Days postchallenge.</p

Results of neutralizing antibody response against FMDV after inoculation.

a<p>Bovines were vaccinated with vaccine prepared from 30 folds diluted expressed antigens (Bm-P12A3C) or the control (BmBacPAK-6).</p>b<p>FMDV-specific antibody titer reported as the serum dilution by neutralization tests.</p>c<p>Days postchallenge.</p

Expression of FMDV polypeptides in <i>Bm</i>-N cells was analysed by IFAT.

<p>(A) <i>Bm</i>-N cells infected with Bm-P12A3C. (B) <i>Bm</i>-N cells infected with BmBacPAK-6.</p

The time courses of FMDV polyprotein expressed in silkworm.

<p>The larval haemolymph was collected on ice every 12 h from 60 hpi. The FMDV antigen in haemolymph was analyzed by the sandwich-ELISA. The hemolymph was diluted with 1,000 folds dilution.</p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-8

loop domain, and a conserved C-terminal 16–17 aa motif also exists in each of the proneural genes but neither of the genes. Moreover, a conserved short motif SPxxS is also found in all of the investigated proteins. Amino acids that are similar in 100% of aligned sequences are shaded blue, in more than 80% but less than 100% with pink, and in more than 60% but less than 80% with darkgreen.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-9

Tters upside of the branch lines show the duplication events as clarified by Wheeler et al. [16] (see discussion for detailed description). It is obvious that all of the Asense proteins are grouped to one clade and the proneural genes are grouped to another within the insect group. Bm-ASH2 and Bm-ASH3 are grouped to a sub-clade parallel the one which Bm-ASH1 is sorted in. Ag-ASH, Achaete-Scute homolog (Genbank: ); Am-ASH,Achaete-Scute homolog (Genbank: ); B-ASH1, Butterfly (Genbank: ) Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (Genbank: ); Bm-ASH1, Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (Genbank: ); Bm-ASH2, Achaete-Scute homolog 2 (Genbank: ); Bm-ASH3, Achaete-Scute homolog 3 (Genbank: ); Cn-ASH, Achaete-Scute homolog (Genbank: ); Cs-ASH1, Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (Genbank: ); Cs-ASH2, Achaete-Scute homolog 2 (Genbank: ); Dm-ac, Achaete (Genbank: ); Dm-sc, Scute (Genbank: ); Dm-l'sc, Lethal of scute (Genbank: ); Pc-ASH1, Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (Genbank: ); Tc-ASH, Achaete-Scute homolog (Genbank: ); Ag-ase, Asense (Genbank: ); Am-ase, Asense (Genbank: ); Bm-ase, Asense (Genbank: ); Dm-ase, Asense (Genbank: ); Tc-ase, Asense (Genbank: ).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-4

codon; 797Em, ASH2P mutated in the E-box 791–797 bp upstream from the start codon; 194&797Em, ASH2P mutated in both of the E-boxes. Forks show the mutated E-box site (A). B, C, D and E are the results co-transfected of promoters and da with ASH1, ASH2, ASH3 and ase, respectively. E-boxes mutation significantly reduced the promoter activity in B, C and D (< 0.01), but had no effect in E (> 0.05).<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-5

tubule), TC (trachea cluster), BW (body wall); mesoderm tissues He (hemocyte), FB (fat body), G (gonad, T (testis), O (ovary)); and endoderm tissue MG (midgut). V3d stands for 3-day-old larvae of the 5th instar, and S stands for 8-day-old larvae of the 5th instar (begin spinning). Amplification cycles were 30 for , , and , and 25 for the internal control gene .<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-6

Carried out for each developmental stage.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p

Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family-3

A respectively stands for the modified transient expression vector pBacPAK8-ie1-hr3 containing , , , and () ORFs as transcriptional factor genes. At least three independent repeats were carried out for each treatment.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Analysis of four homologs in reveals new viewpoints of the evolution and functions of this gene family"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/9/24</p><p>BMC Genetics 2008;9():24-24.</p><p>Published online 6 Mar 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2315653.</p><p></p