Remark on Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for a Coupled System of Multiterm Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations

The aim of this paper is to extend the work of Sun et al. (2012) to a more general case for a wider range of function classes of f and g. Our results include the case of the previous work, which are essential improvement of the work of Sun et al. (2012), especially

Some Differential Inequalities on Time Scales and Their Applications to Feedback Control Systems

This paper deals with feedback control systems on time scales. Firstly, we generalize the semicycle concept to time scales and then establish some differential inequalities on time scales. Secondly, as applications of these inequalities, we study the uniform ultimate boundedness of solutions of these systems. We give a new method to investigate the permanence of ecosystem on time scales. And some known results have been generalized. Finally, an example is given to support the result

Direct training high-performance deep spiking neural networks: a review of theories and methods

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), in virtue of their high biological plausibility, rich spatial-temporal dynamics, and event-driven computation. The direct training algorithms based on the surrogate gradient method provide sufficient flexibility to design novel SNN architectures and explore the spatial-temporal dynamics of SNNs. According to previous studies, the performance of models is highly dependent on their sizes. Recently, direct training deep SNNs have achieved great progress on both neuromorphic datasets and large-scale static datasets. Notably, transformer-based SNNs show comparable performance with their ANN counterparts. In this paper, we provide a new perspective to summarize the theories and methods for training deep SNNs with high performance in a systematic and comprehensive way, including theory fundamentals, spiking neuron models, advanced SNN models and residual architectures, software frameworks and neuromorphic hardware, applications, and future trends

Global existence and temporal decay for the 3D compressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamic system

In this paper, we are concerned with the 3D compressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamic system in the whole space. We prove the global existence and temporal decay rates of the solutions to the system when the initial data are close to a stable equilibrium state by using a pure energy method

Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract of Polygala tenuifolia on Aged Mice.

Learning and memory disorders arise from distinct age-associated processes, and aging animals are often used as a model of memory impairment. The root of Polygala tenuifolia has been commonly used in some Asian countries as memory enhancer and its memory improvement has been reported in various animal models. However, there is less research to verify its effect on memory functions in aged animals. Herein, the memory-enhancing effects of the crude extract of Polygala tenuifolia (EPT) on normal aged mice were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. In MWM tests, the impaired spatial memory of the aged mice was partly reversed by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg; P < 0.05) as compared with the aged control mice. In step-down tests, the nonspatial memory of the aged mice was improved by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg; P < 0.05). Additionally, EPT could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activities, and decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue of the aged mice. The results showed that EPT improved memory functions of the aged mice probably via its antioxidant properties and via decreasing the activities of MAO and AChE

Memory-Enhancing Effects of the Crude Extract of Polygala tenuifolia on Aged Mice.

Learning and memory disorders arise from distinct age-associated processes, and aging animals are often used as a model of memory impairment. The root of Polygala tenuifolia has been commonly used in some Asian countries as memory enhancer and its memory improvement has been reported in various animal models. However, there is less research to verify its effect on memory functions in aged animals. Herein, the memory-enhancing effects of the crude extract of Polygala tenuifolia (EPT) on normal aged mice were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance tests. In MWM tests, the impaired spatial memory of the aged mice was partly reversed by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg; P < 0.05) as compared with the aged control mice. In step-down tests, the nonspatial memory of the aged mice was improved by EPT (100 and 200 mg/kg; P < 0.05). Additionally, EPT could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activities, and decrease the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissue of the aged mice. The results showed that EPT improved memory functions of the aged mice probably via its antioxidant properties and via decreasing the activities of MAO and AChE.Peer Reviewe

Cloning and Characterization of TpNRAMP3, a Metal Transporter From Polish Wheat (Triticum polonicum L.)

Essential transition metals and non-essential metals often co-exist in arable soils. In plants, some transition metal transporters, such as the natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs), poorly selectively transport metals with similar chemical properties whether they are essential or non-essential. In this study, a member of the NRAMP transporter family, TpNRAMP3, was identified from dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.). TpNRAMP3 encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein and was highly expressed in leaf blades and roots at the jointing and booting stages, and in the first nodes at the grain filling stage. Expression of TpNRAMP3 increased sensitivity to Cd and Co, but not Zn, and increased the Cd and Co concentrations in yeast. TpNRAMP3 expression in Arabidopsis increased concentrations of Cd, Co, and Mn, but not Fe or Zn, in roots, shoots, and whole plant. However, TpNRAMP3 did not affect translocation of Cd, Co, or Mn from roots to shoots. These results suggest that TpNRAMP3 is a transporter for Cd, Co, and Mn accumulation, but not for Fe or Zn. However, Cd and Co are non-essential toxic metals; selective genetic manipulation of TpNRAMP3 will help breed low Cd- and Co-accumulating cultivars

A molecular simulation study of adsorption and desorption in closed end slit pores: Is there a hysteresis loop?

This paper reports detailed simulations of adsorption and desorption of argon in closed end slit pores with the aim of investigating the existence of hysteresis. The classical thermodynamic approach implies that there should be no hysteresis in a closed end pore because it assumes that the condensed phase is identical to a uniform bulk liquid and that the interface between the gas-like region and the dense adsorbate region is the same when the pore fills as when it empties. Our simulations show that hysteresis is possible and we support this assertion with evidence from a critical analysis of the classical equation. Our extensive results show that hysteresis can occur in closed end pores because of the continuous structuring of the adsorbed phase induced by the combined effects of the solid-fluid interaction and the fluid-fluid interaction