DiffSketching: Sketch Control Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models

Creative sketch is a universal way of visual expression, but translating images from an abstract sketch is very challenging. Traditionally, creating a deep learning model for sketch-to-image synthesis needs to overcome the distorted input sketch without visual details, and requires to collect large-scale sketch-image datasets. We first study this task by using diffusion models. Our model matches sketches through the cross domain constraints, and uses a classifier to guide the image synthesis more accurately. Extensive experiments confirmed that our method can not only be faithful to user's input sketches, but also maintain the diversity and imagination of synthetic image results. Our model can beat GAN-based method in terms of generation quality and human evaluation, and does not rely on massive sketch-image datasets. Additionally, we present applications of our method in image editing and interpolation

Adaptive mesh refinement based simulations of three-dimensional detonation combustion in supersonic combustible mixtures with a detailed reaction model

Detonation combustion initiated with a hot jet in supersonic H2-O2-Ar mixtures are investigated by large-scale three-dimensional (3D) simulations in Tianhe-2 computing system with adaptive mesh refinement method. The reactive Euler equations are utilized as the governing equations with a detailed reaction model where the molar ratio of the combustible mixture is 2:1:7 under the condition of pressure 10kPa and temperature 298K. Results show that the Mach stem surface which is formed after the shock surface reflection on the upper wall is actually a local overdriven detonation. The side walls in 3D simulations can play an important role in detonation initiation in supersonic combustible mixtures, because they can help realize triple lines collisions and reflections during the initiation process. The width of the channel has an important influence on the strength of side-wall reflections, and under certain condition there might exist a critical width between the front and back sides of the channel for the successful initiation. Both the two-dimensional (2D) and the 3D detonations are overdriven and have a constant but different overdrive after their complete initiations. Although the overdrive degree of the 3D detonation is smaller than that of the 2D case, more complex and irregular detonation fronts can be observed in the 3D case compared with the 2D detonation, which is likely because of the propagation of transverse waves and collisions of triple lines in multi-directions in 3D detonations. After the hot jet is shut down, the newly formed 2D Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation has almost the same characteristic parameters with the corresponding 3D case, indicating that the 2D instabilities can be perfectly preserved in 3D simulations. However, the slapping wave reflections on the side walls in the 3D detonation result in the second oscillation along with the main one, which presents stronger instabilities compared with the 2D case. The inherent stronger 3D instabilities is also verified through the quantitative comparison between the 2D and 3D cases where the 3D result always shows stronger fluctuations than the 2D case

Three-dimensional simulation of detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures

Detonation initiation and propagation in supersonic combustible mixtures using a hot jet have been investigated in three-dimensional numerical simulations with the detailed reaction model on Tianhe-2 system. Results indicate that the side walls can help realize the triple lines collisions and triple lines reflections, which play an important role in the detonation initiation. There should exists a critical width between the front and back sides of the three-dimensional channel for the successful initiation, which is totally different from that of two-dimensional cases. When the width exceeds the critical value, there will be not the effective reflections of the bow shock surface on the side walls, hence resulting in the failure of detonation initiation. For the detonation propagation, none of the standard detonation modes(rectangular mode, diagonal mode and spinning mode) is observed in the three-dimensional case. The initiated detonation is actually in an overdriven state because of the presence of the hot jet in the supersonic flow field, thus resulting in more complex detonation fronts than that in the CJ detonation. Because of both directions of three-dimensional detonation development than that of the two-dimensional case where the transverse waves propagation and the collisions of triple points can be realized only in one direction, the detonation fronts in three-dimensional simulation shows significantly larger irregularities and variations

Clinical study of Bian-shi therapy to mitigate insomnia symptoms in young and middle-aged patients with chronic insomnia by regulating neurotransmitters

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Bian-shi therapy in improving sleep quality in young and middle-aged patients with chronic insomnia. Methods 40 young and middle-aged patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into the western medicine group （n = 20） and Bian-shi group （n = 20）. In the western medicine group， patients were orally treated with zopiclone （7.5 mg， oral administration before bedtime）， and those in the Bian-shi group were treated with placebo and Bian-shi therapy （once a week， 40 min a time， 4 times in total）. The changes of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， and serum melatonin， acetylcholine and norepinephrine before and after 30 d treatment were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results After 30 d treatment， PSQI scores were significantly lower compared with those before treatment in two groups （both P < 0.05）. In the Bian-shi group， PSQI scores were more significantly decreased than those in the western medicine group （all P < 0.05）. After 30 d treatment， serum levels of melatonin and acetylcholine were significantly higher， whereas norepinephrine levels were significantly lower than those before treatment in two groups （all P < 0.05）. In the Bian-shi group， serum levels of melatonin and acetylcholine were significantly higher， whereas norepinephrine levels were significantly lower compared with those in the western medicine group （all P < 0.05）. Conclusions Bian-shi therapy can effectively improve the sleep quality of young and middle-aged patients with chronic insomnia， which yields higher clinical efficacy than that of zopiclone tablets. Multiple neurotransmitters may be involved in the mechanism of Bian-shi therapy to mitigate chronic insomnia symptoms

Antidiabetic retinopathy effect of Fufang Danshen Mingmu in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Fufang Danshen Mingmu (FDM) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy rats.Methods: Diabetic retinopathy model rats were prepared using a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of ten rats each: negative control group, control group, reference group (glibenclamide, 1 mg/kg) as well as FDM groups, (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney as lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). Blood serum levels of creatinine and urea were determined in both diabetic control and treated rats.Results: Compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of FDM at a dose of 200 mg/kg daily for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (120.21 ± 3.37 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and increased insulin level (13.31 ± 0.67 uU/mL, p < 0.05).  Furthermore, it significantly reduced biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, 0.86 ±0.24 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and serum urea 41.86±1.59 mg/dL, p <0.05).Conclusion: The results indicate that FDM normalizes impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced diabetic retinopathy rats, and also exerts a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals

Dual-factor Synergistically Activated ESIPT-based Probe:Differential Fluorescence Signals to Simultaneously Detect α-Naphthyl Acetate and Acid α-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase

[Image: see text] α-Naphthyl acetate esterase (α-NAE) and acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), a class of special esterases, are important for lymphocyte typing and immunocompetence-monitoring. As such, the simultaneous detection of α-NAE and ANAE has become a target to effectively improve the accuracy in lymphocyte typing. Therefore, we developed a dual-factor synergistically activated ESIPT-based probe (HBT-NA) to detect α-NAE and ANAE sensitively, rapidly, and simultaneously in a differential manner. HBT-NA exhibits differential fluorescence signal outputs toward small changes of α-NAE and ANAE activities. HBT-NA displays a weak fluorescence signal at 392 nm over a pH range from 6.0 to 7.4. However, when it interacts with α-NAE (0–25 U) at pH = 7.4, the fluorescence intensity at 392 nm enhanced linearly within 60 s (F(392 nm)/F0(392 nm) = 0.042 C(α-NAE) + 1.1, R(2) = 0.99). Furthermore, HBT-NA emits ratiometric fluorescence signals (F(505 nm)/F(392 nm)) for ANAE (0–25 U) at pH = 6.0 within 2.0 min, exhibiting a good linear relationship (F(505 nm)/F(392 nm) = 0.83C(ANAE) – 1.75, R(2) = 0.99). The differential fluorescence signals can be used to simultaneously detect the activities of α-NAE and ANAE in solutions and complex living organisms. More importantly, based on the differential fluorescence signals toward α-NAE and ANAE, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes could be successfully typed and differentiated among nontyped lymphocytes, facilitating the real-time evaluation of their immune functions using flow cytometry. Hence, HBT-NA could be used for the ultrasensitive detection of the enzyme activities of α-NAE and ANAE, the real-time precise typing of lymphocytes, and the monitoring of immunocompetence

Novel Absolute Displacement Sensor with Wide Range Based on Malus Law

The paper presents a novel wide range absolute displacement sensor based on polarized light detection principle. The sensor comprises of two sets of polarized light detecting systems which are coupled by pulleys. The inherent disadvantage in optic system like light source intensity drift is solved and absolute measurement with wide-range is achieved. A prototype and the relevant test bed have been built. The test results are in good agreement with expectation. Its measurement range is 540 mm, and its linearity is better than 0.05%