Strokovne kompetence bodocih uciteljev za implementacijo prepoznavanja vrst v soli - studija primera iz Nemcije

This study investigates how well prepared student teachers are to implement species identification in school. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire and a PowerPoint presentation in which local plant and animal species were presented. Participants (n = 357) correctly identified, on average, 23% of the plants and 44% of the animals. They identified plants mainly by flower characteristics and leaves, and animals mainly by shape and colour. Family and school were key sources of participants’ knowledge of species. The self-estimated competence of participants to identify species was positively correlated with their taxonomic knowledge and the amount of time they had spent on species identification during their own schooldays. The number of correctly identified plant and animal species increased with interest in identifying species and participation in species identification courses. Participants considered learner-centred education and experience-based learning, and the use of living organisms to be most important when identifying species in school. (DIPF/Orig.

Teaching Methods in Biology Education and Sustainability Education Including Outdoor Education for Promoting Sustainability—A Literature Review

There are very few studies concerning the importance of teaching methods in biology education and environmental education including outdoor education for promoting sustainability at the levels of primary and secondary schools and pre-service teacher education. The material was selected using special keywords from biology and sustainable education in several scientific databases.The article provides an overview of 24 selected articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2006–2016. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Altogether, 16 journals were selected and 24 articles were analyzed in detail. The foci of the analyses were teaching methods, learning environments, knowledge and thinking skills, psychomotor skills, emotions and attitudes, and evaluation methods. Additionally, features of good methods were investigated and their implications for teaching were emphasized. In total, 22 different teaching methods were found to improve sustainability education in different ways. The most emphasized teaching methods were those in which students worked in groups and participated actively in learning processes. Research points toward the value of teaching methods that provide a good introduction and supportive guidelines and include active participation and interactivity. </p

Primary School Student Teachers’ Perceived and Actual Knowledge in Biology

Individuals’ perceptions of their knowledge can have an important role in shaping their cognition and influencing their behaviour. However, there has been a scarcity of studies in biology on how perceived knowledge relates to actual knowledge. The focus of this article is on quantitative results analysing and interpreting student teachers’ perceived knowledge of biological content in relation to their actual animal and species name knowledge linked to the ecosystem in which they live. K-means cluster analysis and ANOVA were used. The results show a high- and low-level perceived knowledge cluster group among the participants. They further indicate that the difference in actual animal and species name knowledge between these cluster groups remained the same during the five years of the study. The student teachers with a higher level of perceived knowledge tended to have better actual animal and species name knowledge than those in the low-level group. The actual animal name knowledge in these cluster groups was similar with regard to the local Finnish ecosystems but differed concerning the exotic species by year. The year that the participants enrolled in the study programme had an impact on their actual animal and species name knowledge. Strategies for coping with work-related demands and maintaining engagement in one’s career would be important additions to the teacher education curriculum. </p

School Culture Promoting Sustainability in Student Teachers’ Views

School culture includes values, principles, and criteria. It is an integral part of sustainabil- ity education, of which climate change education (CCE) is seen as a way to improve students’ ability to take action to mitigate climate change. This survey aimed to investigate Finnish student teachers’ views of factors important in implementing CCE in school culture and their abilities as teachers to promote CCE. Thirty-six student teachers wrote essays regarding the implementation of school cul- ture and responded to a questionnaire concerning their ability to act as climate change (CC) educa- tors and the challenges they identified in teaching and learning about it. Inductive content analysis was used to study the essays. In student teachers’ answers, six themes to implement in school cul- ture were identified: elements, work community, teacher’s impact, students in the centre, actors outside the school, and challenges. The student teachers highlighted challenges, such as views that deny CC and challenge the transformation of school culture to support sustainable development. The suggested ways to support CCE in daily school life that were very concrete, such as recycling and food education. Student teachers found their own ability to act as climate educators to be rela- tively good. They identified challenges, especially in motivating students to learn about CC and to participate and take action towards a climate-friendly lifestyle. Students’ conflicting attitudes, val- ues, and beliefs related to CC, reinforced by their inner circle, were seen as challenges in teaching and learning about CC. Despite these challenges, transforming a school culture to support CCE should be the goal of every school.</p

High-School Students’ Topic-Specific Epistemic Beliefs about Climate Change: An Assessment-Related Study

This study belongs to assessment-related research and aimed to investigate Finnish high- school students’ (n = 211) topic-specific epistemic beliefs about climate change and whether the Norwegian topic-specific epistemic beliefs questionnaire (TSEBQ) was also valid among Finnish re- spondents. Thus, research data were not only derived from the TSEBQ but also from topic knowledge tests and students’ views on their favorite school subjects and interest in science subjects. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the statistical model, originally based on 49 questions, was congruent with the Norwegian four-factor model (Certification, Source, Justification and Simplicity). However, according to the reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the perfor- mance of the Simplicity factor was unclear. In CFA, the three-factor structure (without Simplicity) was supported. The effects of topic knowledge, topic interest and gender on the TSEBQ factors were examined by using hierarchical regression analysis (HRA). The TSEBQ was shown to be a reliable tool for measuring the topic-specific epistemic beliefs of Finnish students. More specifically, the results support the claim that topic-specific epistemic beliefs can be educationally and culturally bound. HRA showed that students’ topic knowledge in chemistry and biology was related to certainty of knowledge and justification for knowing. Moreover, female students performed significantly better in topic knowledge and more often planned to pursue a science career in the future.</p

Teaching and Learning Methods in Geography Promoting Sustainability

Understanding and learning geographic knowledge and applying it to sustainable development (SD) depends not only on the knowledge itself, but also on how it is taught and studied. The teaching and learning methods for promoting sustainability in geography have not been thoroughly studied. This qualitative study examined articles on geography teaching and SD. The material was selected using keywords related to geography education. The study describes 17 articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals from 2008 to 2018. The focus group varied from primary to higher education. The proportion of teaching and learning methods were determined. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The foci of the analyses were the teaching and learning methods, topics, goals, and levels of thinking skills. Additionally, features of the teaching methods used in geography education, including outdoor education, to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) were investigated. Different teaching methods used together and interactive learning were the most often preferred. Group work and teachers’ presentations were mentioned in 12 articles, and inquiry-based learning and argumentation in half of the articles. The most often written expressions promoting SD in geography education concerned environmental sustainability (42%), followed by social (25%), economic (19%), and cultural sustainability (14%). The most emphasized features of the current teaching methods were active participation, thinking skills, animation, evaluation, dialog, demonstrations, and information and communication technology skills. The whole school approach and forward-looking perspective in geography should be implemented in school education to reach the SDGs and to support SD.</div

Analysis of Airborne Betula Pollen in Finland; a 31-Year Perspective

In this 31-year retrospective study, we examined the influence of meteorology on airborne Betula spp. (birch) pollen concentrations in Turku, Finland. The seasonal incidence of airborne birch pollen in Turku occurred over a brief period each year during spring (April 30 – May 31). Mean peak concentrations were restricted to May (May 5 to 13). Statistically significant increases in the annual accumulated birch pollen sum and daily maximum values were observed over the study period. Birch pollen counts collected in April were retrospectively shown to increase over the duration of the study. Increases in April temperature values were also significantly associated with the earlier onset of the birch pollen season. Furthermore, the number of days where daily birch pollen concentrations exceeded 10 and 1,000 grains/m3 also increased throughout the study period. These data demonstrate that increases in temperature, especially during months preceding the onset of the birch pollen season, favor preseason phenological development and pollen dispersal. Birch pollen derived from other geographical locations may also contribute to the aerospora of Turku, Finland. To date, the public health burden associated with personal exposure to elevated birch pollen loads remains unclear and is the focus of future epidemiological research

Oppiminen, opetus ja opettajaksi kasvu ainedidaktisen tutkimuksen valossa. Turun ainedidaktisen symposiumin esityksiä 11.2.2011

Turun yliopiston opettajankoulutuslaitos järjesti helmikuussa 2011 Turussa ainedidaktisen symposiumin, jonka teemaksi oli silloisen kulttuuripääkaupunkivuoden innoittamana valittu ”Koulu ja monet kulttuurit”. Ohjelma – niin yhteisluennot kuin oppiaineryhmien alustuksetkin – kuvastivat kulttuurin eri merkityksiä ja tasoja. Kulttuurihistorian professori Hannu Salmi luennoi kulttuurin ja hyvinvoinnin yhteydestä ja erikoistutkija Niina Junttila tarkasteli kouluelämää yhteisöllisyyden näkökulmasta. Lisäksi elämyspedagogi Maria Huokkola esitteli ”Tuli on irti” -näyttelyä, joka sisältyi kulttuuripääkaupungin ohjelmatarjontaan. Symposiumin yhteydessä julkistettiin myös Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön teettämä selvitys tietotekniikan käytöstä ja opettajankoulutuslaitosten tietoteknisen kehittämisen tarpeista. Iltapäiväohjelma sisälsi ainekohtaisia teemaryhmiä. Ainedidaktiikan symposiumeilla on jo noin neljännesvuosisadan ajan ollut suuri merkitys ainedidaktiikan tutkijoiden ja opettajien keskustelufoorumina. Symposiumjulkaisut ovat olleet tärkeä ainedidaktisen tutkimuksen kansallinen julkaisukanava. Myös vuoden 2011 symposiumin alustuksista suuri osa tarjottiin julkaistavaksi artikkeleina. Julkaistaviksi valitut artikkelit on valittu kahteen ryhmään. Vain osa artikkeleista on mahdollisuus julkaista painettuina, mutta symposiumin järjestäjät ja ainedidaktinen tutkimusseura haluavat levittää ainedidaktista tutkimustietoa, paitsi kirjana, myös tämän verkkojulkaisun avulla. Tämä verkkojulkaisu ”Oppiminen, opetus ja opettajaksi kasvu ainedidaktisen tutkimuksen valossa” sisältää osan artikkeleista, osa taas ilmestyy Suomen ainedidaktisen tutkimusseuran julkaisusarjan numerossa 3, jonka otsikko on ”Koulu ja oppiaineiden monet kulttuurit”. Tämän verkkojulkaisun artikkelit ovat kevyesti vertaisarvioituja verrattuna ainedidaktisen seuran julkaisusarjassa painettuihin artikkeleihin, ja ne ovat osittain työpaperityyppisiä julkaisuja. Artikkelit asettuvat Opetusministeriön julkaisutyyppiluokituksessa kategoriaan B2. Nämäkin artikkelit ovat merkittävä lisä suomalaiseen ainedidaktiseen tutkimukseen. Ne valottavat kukin oman oppiaineensa didaktiikan näkökulmasta ajankohtaisia tutkimuskysymyksiä, käynnissä olevia tutkimusprojekteja ja myös kouluopetuksen ja opettajankoulutuksen kehittämisen haasteita. Osa artikkeleista esittelee uusia menetelmiä tai lähestymistapoja koskevia kokeiluja, osa taas tuo uudenlaisen näkökulman opettajankoulutuksen kehittämiseen ja muutospaineisiin.Siirretty Doriast

‘Nature Is Something We Can’t Replace’: Mexican Students’ Views of the Landscape They Want to Conserve

The primary aim of this qualitative study was to identify the landscapes that 7−12-year old Mexican students (n = 440) would like to conserve by analysing their drawings. Another aim was to determine the environmental relationship and environmental values of 5th and 6th graders (n = 152) by studying their texts. The data were analysed using mixed methods. In this study, landscape is understood as a visual experience of the environment, comprising the visible features of an area. Based on the results, all of the three main landscapes—nature, social and built—were deemed worth conserving. Beyond students’ immediate environment, the polar regions, North America, Australia and Africa were mentioned; Europe and Asia were not. The landscape drawings were realistic and carefully made, and the descriptions attached to them were clearly written. The environmental approach was mainly humanistic, and aesthetic values were appreciated by both genders. Utilitarian values were mentioned more often by boys than girls. The students’ descriptions reflected their environmental relationship, e.g., concern about nature, showing causal relationships, appreciation and affection. Concern or worry was often accompanied by the mention of human’s responsibility in the students’ texts, but they seldom considered their own activities in relation to the environment. The students depicted threats to nature, but they externalized themselves from the mechanisms threatening nature. In addition, they did not show familiarity with natural processes and scientific terminology. The study reveals that it is not only theoretically important to have distinct values, but these also need to be recognized by individuals. If the humans’ pro-environmental actions are to be promoted through education, it is important to study students’ values, as they may be important barriers to behavioral change. As students showed concern about preserving nature, teachers can discuss environmental values and different ways to take action and make changes with them, in order to avoid anxiety.</div

Professional Competence of Student Teachers to Implement Species Identification in Schools – A Case Study from Germany

This study investigates how well prepared student teachers are to implement species identification in school. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire and a PowerPoint presentation in which local plant and animal species were presented. Participants (n = 357) correctly identified, on average, 23% of the plants and 44% of the animals. They identified plants mainly by flower characteristics and leaves, and animals mainly by shape and colour. Family and school were key sources of participants’ knowledge of species. The self-estimated competence of participants to identify species was positively correlated with their taxonomic knowledge and the amount of time they had spent on species identification during their own schooldays. The number of correctly identified plant and animal species increased with interest in identifying species and participation in species identification courses. Participants considered learner-centred education and experience-based learning, and the use of living organisms to be most important when identifying species in school. </p