Purification of human prothrombin from Nitschmann fraction III using DEAE membrane radial flow chromatography

A DEAE membrane radial column (4x5 cm) was used to purify human prothrombin from Nitschmann fraction III and performances of the column were investigated. Sample flow-rate of 20-30 ml/min (i.e., 24-36 bed volumes/h) and elution velocity up to 40 ml/min (i.e., 48 bed volumes/h) were obtained without compromising the separation efficiency. Its breakthrough capacity was one-third to half that of the commercial DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow media. It was concluded that the novel column is an attractive alternate to traditional axial column

Purification of prothrombin in Nitschmann fraction III by membrane radial column ion-exchange liquid chromatograph

method is described for the purification of human prothrombin complex concentrate ( PCC) from Nitschmann fraction Ⅲ by membrane radial column ion2exchange chromatography , which allows large sample volumes to be processed at low operation pressure. The Nitschmann fraction Ⅲ(15 g) was mixed with 1 000 mL 0. 06 mol/ L Tris2HCl (pH 7. 5) . The centrifuged supernatant (10 000 r/ min ,15 min ,20 ℃) was applied onto a DEAE ion2exchange liquid chromatographic column (XK216 DEAE fast flow Sepharose and DEAE membrane radical column chromatography) with almost the same excellent separation efficiency. The parameters of sample flow rate , elution flow rate and sample capacity were optimized

Safe and Intelligent Thermoresponsive β‑Cyclodextrin Pyraclostrobin Microcapsules for Targeted Pesticide Release in Rice Disease Management

This study presents the development of thermoresponsive pyraclostrobin (PYR) microcapsules (PYR@PNIPAm-MCs) designed for controlled temperature-regulated pesticide release. These microcapsules, characterized by a regular spherical shape, smooth surface, and average size of 7.08 μm, achieved a 14.99% drug loading capacity. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis confirmed the efficient encapsulation of PYR. The release kinetics of PYR from the PYR@PNIPAm-MCs demonstrated a sustained, temperature-sensitive release pattern influenced by drug diffusion and matrix erosion. The efficacy of the PYR@PNIPAm-MCs against Magnaporthe oryzae paralleled that of 97% PYR technical concentrate at elevated temperatures. Acute toxicity assays revealed a significantly reduced toxicity of PYR@PNIPAm-MCs to aquatic life (LC50 = 7.71 mg/L), and the formulation showed no adverse effects on rice seedling growth. The results underscore the potential of this formulation to enhance the application of PYR in rice disease management, offering targeted release and improved safety profiles

Contribution of both positive selection and relaxation of selective constraints to degeneration of flyability during geese domestication

<div><p>Flyability is the most discrepant trait between modern-day geese and their wild ancestors, and the degeneration of flyability is a key marker of the successful domestication of wild geese. In light of the relatively short history of domestic geese, intense artificial selection is thought to play an important role in the degeneration of flyability. However, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon has seldom been investigated. In this study, we applied a molecular evolutionary approach to the evaluation of partial breeds of domestic geese in order to look for genes involved in the selection pressure toward degeneration of flyability. The haplotype networks, pairwise fixation index (<i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>) values, and analysis of molecular variance results all clearly illustrated a population variance between Landes geese and partial Chinese domestic geese. We also detected signatures of positive artificial selection in the <i>COX2</i> and <i>COX3</i> genes, and related selection in the <i>HBB</i> gene. Our results support the independent origins of partial European domestic geese and Chinese domestic geese. In addition, both positive artificial selection and the relaxation of functional constraints appeared to play important roles in the degeneration of flyability in domestic geese.</p></div

Differentiated loci between partial Chinese domestic geese and Landes geese. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>HBA1</i>, (D) <i>HBA2</i>, and (E) <i>HBB</i>.

<p><i>F</i>_<i>ST</i>: locus-specific genetic divergence among populations. Heterozygosity: measure of heterozygosity per locus. Single-locus <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> values are plotted against heterozygosity, with the red-filled circles representing loci significant at the 1% level, and blue-filled circles representing loci significant at the 5% level.</p

Matrix of pairwise <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> for each gene across populations. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>HBA1</i>, (D) <i>HBA2</i>, and (E) <i>HBB</i>.

<p>Matrix of pairwise <i>F</i>_<i>ST</i> for each gene across populations. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>HBA1</i>, (D) <i>HBA2</i>, and (E) <i>HBB</i>.</p

Values of the Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test for each gene across populations^a.

<p>Values of the Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test for each gene across populations<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185328#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Haplotype networks of five genes across each population. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>HBA1</i>, (D) <i>HBA2</i>, and (E) <i>HBB</i>.

<p>Haplotype networks of five genes across each population. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>HBA1</i>, (D) <i>HBA2</i>, and (E) <i>HBB</i>.</p

Molecular diversity indices of six gene fragments. (A) <i>COX2</i>, (B) <i>COX3</i>, (C) <i>EVC2P</i>, (D) <i>HBA1</i>, (E) <i>HBA2</i>, and (F) <i>HBB</i>.

<p>θ_<i>k</i>, average number of nucleotide differences; θ_<i>H</i>, haplotype diversity; θ_<i>S</i>, number of polymorphic sites; θ_π, nucleotide diversity.</p

Results of the hierarchical AMOVA for grouping hypothesis^a.

<p>Results of the hierarchical AMOVA for grouping hypothesis<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0185328#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p