Phylogenetic tree inferred from the sequences of 13 PCGs of 32 hemipteran species.

<p>Numbers at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (left) and ML bootstrap values (right). Two yellowish dots on the tree indicate the clades of Lygaeoidea and Malcidae, respectively.</p

Supplemental Material - Confidence Screening Detector: A New Method for Detecting Test Collusion

Supplementary Material for Confidence Screening Detector: A New Method for Detecting Test Collusion by Yongze Xu, Ying Cui, Xinyi Wang, and Fang Luo in Applied Psychological Measurement.</p

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Stalk-Eyed Bug <em>Chauliops fallax</em> Scott, and the Monophyly of Malcidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

<div><p><em>Chauliops fallax</em> Scott, 1874 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Malcidae: Chauliopinae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of soybean and rice fields in Asia. Here we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of this pest. This genome is 15,739 bp long, with an A+T content of 73.7%, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and a control region. All genes were arranged in the same order as most of other Heteroptera. A remarkable strand bias was found for all nine protein coding genes (PCGs) encoded by the majority strand were positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew, whereas the reverse were found in the remaining four PCGs encoded by the minority strand and two rRNA genes. The models of secondary structures for the two rRNA genes of sequenced true bugs and Lygaeoidea were predicted. 16S rRNA consisted of six domains (domain III is absent as in other known arthropod mitochondrial genomes) and 45 helices, while three domains and 27 helices for 12S rRNA. The control region consists of five subregions: a microsatellite-like region, a tandem repeats region and other three motifs. The unusual intergenic spacer between <em>tRNA-H</em> and ND4 only found in the species of Lygaeoidea, not in other heteropteran species, may be the synapomorphy of this superfamily. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on all the 13 PCGs showed that Chauliopinae was the sister group of Malcinae and the monophyly of Lygaeoidea.</p> </div

Control region of <i>Chauliops fallax</i> mitochondrial genome.

<p>(A) Structure elements found in the control region of <i>C. fallax</i>. The control region flanking genes 12S rRNA, <i>tRNA-I, tRNA-Q</i>, and <i>tRNA-M</i> are represented in green boxes; “(TA)n” (yellow) indicates the microsatellite-like region; “A+T” (red) indicates high A+T content region; the blue and azury boxes with roman numerals indicate the tandem repeat region; orange boxes represent the stem-loop region. (B) The putative stem-loop structure found in the control region.</p

AT- and GC-skews of <i>Chauliops fallax</i> mitochondrial genome.

<p>13 protein coding genes (PCGs) and 2 rRNAs are represented in different color circles. Letter J means the majority strand (J-strand), N means the minority strand (N-strand).</p

Structure of the mitochondrial genome of <i>Chauliops fallax</i> (GenBank accession number JX839706).

<p>Gene names without underline indicate the direction of transcription of the majority strand (J-strand), and with underline indicate the minority strand (N-strand). The tRNA genes are denoted by the color blocks and are named using single-letter amino acid abbreviations. Overlapping arcs (F1–F4) within the circle indicated the PCR-amplified fragments.</p

Organization of the <i>Chauliops fallax</i> mitochondrial genome.

a<p>Numbers correspond to nucleotides separating a gene from an upstream one; negative numbers indicate that adjacent genes overlap.</p

Alignments of the spacers between <i>tRNA-Ser (TGA)</i> and ND1 across Lygaeoidea and other Pentatomomorpha species.

<p>The alignments were generated by plotting the identities in different colors, and a gap as a dash.</p

Percentage of synonymous codon usage of each amino acid in the <i>Chauliops fallax</i> mitochondrial genome.

<p>Codon families are provided on the x-axis.</p

Predicted secondary structure of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA of <i>Chauliops fallax</i>.

<p>The annotation is the same as for <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0055381#pone-0055381-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>.</p