Basal synaptic function is not different between <i>fmr1</i> KO and wild-type fish.

<p>(A) Summary of the input-output curves that were created by comparing PS amplitude and stimulus intensity (40–130 µA)(n = 6). (B) Paired-pulse facilitation (FFP) was measured by applying paired stimuli and quantifying the facilitation of the second potential relative to the first as a function of the inter-pulse interval (<200 ms)(n = 7).</p

Summary of genotyping results.

<p>(A) Representative data obtained from genotyping of wild-type (+/+), heterozygous (+/−) and homozygous (−/−) fishes was validated by polymerase chain reaction. (B) Brain tissues were analyzed by western blot using an FMRP specific antibody. Lane 1 contains wild-type (WT) and Lane 2 contains <i>fmr1−/−</i> (KO). The arrow points at FMRP located. The FMRP protein is completely absent in <i>fmr1−/−</i>.</p

LTD was significantly enhanced in <i>fmr1</i> KO zebrafish.

<p>(A) LTD was induced by a 20 minute LFS (1 Hz) protocol. Insets are representative, superimposed, single sweeps before and after LTD induction in wild-type (n = 4) and <i>fmr1</i> KO (n = 6) zebrafish. (B) Summary of the averaged magnitudes of LTD. Bars correspond to the percentages of baseline PS amplitude during the last 10 min. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with wild-type.</p

Locomotor activity of <i>fmr1</i> KO and wild-type fish.

<p>Bar graphs of the total distance moved (in cm) and mean speeds (in m/sec) of <i>fmr1</i> KO and wild-type fish. **<i>p</i><0.001 compared with wild-type fish.</p

Drug effects on the hippocampal iNOS expression.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis on sham rats (sham), the rats with Aβ_25–35 administration for seven days (Aβ), the rats with injection of Aβ_25–35 and resveratrol (Aβ+Res), the rats administered with resveratrol only (Res), and the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and L-NAME (Aβ+L-NAME); (B) Relative iNOS level quantified as compared with sham group (normalized to 100%). Data were represented as mean ± SEM values (n = 5). *<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from sham values by Mann-Whiney U test. #<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from Aβ values by Mann-Whiney U test.</p

Drug effects on the hippocampal HO-1 expression.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis on sham rats (sham), the rats with Aβ_25–35 administration for seven days (Aβ), the rats with injection of Aβ_25–35 and resveratrol (Aβ+Res), the rats administered with resveratrol only (Res), and the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and L-NAME (Aβ+L-NAME); (B) Relative iNOS level quantified as compared with sham group (normalized to 100%). Data were represented as mean ± SEM values (n = 5). *<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from sham values by Mann-Whiney U test. #<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from Aβ values by Mann-Whiney U test.</p

Effects of Aβ, resveratrol and L-NAME administration on the retention time of rota-rod.

<p>The training procedure is as described in Materials and Method. Bars represent mean ± SEM values (n = 5).</p

Effects of resveratrol or L-NAME on escape latency in the training trials of the water maze task.

<p>The different treated rats were subjected to the analysis: the rats were infused icv with vehicle (sham), the rats with Aβ_25–35 administration for seven days (Aβ), the rats with the injection of Aβ_25–35 and resveratrol (Aβ+Res), the rats administered with resveratrol only (Res), and the rats with Aβ_25–35 and L-NAME administration (Aβ+L-NAME). Data were represented as mean ± SEM values (n = 5). **<i>p</i><0.01 was considered significantly different from sham values by Mann-Whiney U test.</p

Drug effects of resveratrol on the hippocampal MDA level.

<p>The rats were infused icv with vehicle (sham), the rats with Aβ_25–35 administration for seven days (Aβ), the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and resveratrol (Aβ+Res), the rats administered resveratrol only (Res), and the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and L-NAME (Aβ+L-NAME). Data were represented as mean ± SEM values (n = 5). *<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from sham values by Mann-Whiney U test. #<i>p</i><0.05 was considered significantly different from Aβ values by Mann-Whiney U test.</p

Photomicrographs showing the morphology of the hippocampal CA1 (the first and second panel) and CA3 (the third and fourth panel).

<p>The rats infused icv with vehicle (sham), the rats with Aβ_25–35 administration for seven days (Aβ), the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and resveratrol (Aβ+Res), the rats injected with Aβ_25–35 and L-NAME (Aβ+L-NAME) (n = 4). The Aβ-induced neuronal shrinkage and damage are indicated as arrows. The bar scale of the first and third panel are 200 µm and the bar scale of second and fourth are 50 µm.</p