5 research outputs found

    Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Smad4 SUMOylation is essential for memory formation through upregulation of the skeletal myopathy gene TPM2

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    TGF-β receptor inhibition impairs spatial learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and received a PBS or SB525334 (1 μM) injection directly to their CA1 area. They were then subjected to: a Water maze learning. n = 7 each group, F(1,12) = 34.12, # P < 0.001. The statistical difference between the PBS group and SB525334 group for a given trial is indicated by the proper significance sign (*P < 0.05 and # P < 0.001). b Probe trial test. n = 7 each group, F(1,12) = 10.16, **P < 0.01. The representative swim pattern from each group is also shown. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. PBS phosphate-buffered saline, SEM standard error of the mean (PDF 70 kb

    Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Smad4 SUMOylation is essential for memory formation through upregulation of the skeletal myopathy gene TPM2

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    Smad4 is SUMO-modified by PIAS1 in the hippocampus endogenously. a Animals were divided into two groups and received control siRNA or PIAS1 siRNA (8 pmol) transfection to their CA1 area. Animals were sacrificed 48 h later and their CA1 tissue was dissected out and subjected to SUMOylation assay without the addition of E1, E1, SUMO1, and the recombinant PIAS1 protein. Left panel: Immunoblotted with anti-Smad4 antibody. Upper right panel: Immunoblotted with anti-SUMO1 antibody. Cell lysate was also subjected to western blot analysis of PIAS1 expression (lower right panel). b Quantified results of Smad4 SUMOylation. n = 5 each group, t(1,8) = 6.1, # P < 0.001. Raw data and statistics are provided as Additional file 8. c PIAS1 expression. n = 5 each group, t(1,8) = 29.31, # P < 0.001. Raw data and statistics are provided as Additional file 8. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. (PDF 122 kb
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