11 research outputs found
Coexistence of polymerases with independent parasites as a function of the strand hopping rate <i>h</i>.
<p>The red line shows the length of the polymerase <i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100. The two blue curves show the upper and lower limits of <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> for which coexistence is observed. The polymerization rate for the polymerase strands is fixed at <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>=</i> 25, and the rate for the parasites varies inversely with their length.</p
Concentrations of strand types in the full model with monomer diffusion as a function of mutation probability, with <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>= M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub>.
<p>Other parameters as in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005161#pcbi.1005161.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>: <i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100, <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 70, <i>a</i> = 0, <i>b</i> = 5000, <i>D</i> = 30, <i>v</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 10.</p
Concentration of strands as a function of mutation probability <i>M</i><sub>pol</sub> when <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 15 and <i>h</i> = 0.
<p>Concentration of strands as a function of mutation probability <i>M</i><sub>pol</sub> when <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 15 and <i>h</i> = 0.</p
Co-operation between Polymerases and Nucleotide Synthetases in the RNA World - Fig 1
<p>A system of polymerases, complements and mutants when <i>k</i> = 15, and <i>h</i> = 0, with three different values of the mutation probability (a) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.02; (b) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.08; (c) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.13. The colour scheme is explained in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005161#pcbi.1005161.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p
Strand concentrations as a function of monomer diffusion rate <i>D</i> when <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.05 and <i>M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0.
<p>Other parameters: <i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100, <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 70, <i>a</i> = 0, <i>b</i> = 5000, <i>v</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 10.</p
Coexistence of polymerases and synthetases in the model with full monomer diffusion.
<p><i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100, <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 70, <i>a</i> = 0, <i>b</i> = 5000, <i>D</i> = 30, <i>v</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 10. Three different values of mutation rate are shown (a) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>= M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0.02; (b) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>= M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0.04; (c) <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>= M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0.065. The colour scheme is explained in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005161#pcbi.1005161.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p
Polymerases with non-functional synthetases that act as independent parasites.
<p><i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100, <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 50, <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 25, <i>h</i> = 0, <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> <i>=</i> 0 and <i>M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0. The parasites coexist with the polymerases by forming bands around the fringes of the polymerase clusters. The colour scheme is explained in <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005161#pcbi.1005161.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p
Strand concentrations as a function of monomer diffusion rate <i>D</i> when <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.0 and <i>M</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 0.05.
<p>Other parameters: <i>L</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 100, <i>L</i><sub><i>syn</i></sub> = 70, <i>a</i> = 0, <i>b</i> = 5000, <i>v</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 10.</p
Concentration of strands as a function of strand hopping rate <i>h</i> when <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 15 and <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.1.
<p>Concentration of strands as a function of strand hopping rate <i>h</i> when <i>k</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 15 and <i>M</i><sub><i>pol</i></sub> = 0.1.</p
Adhesive Composite Hydrogel Patch for Sustained Transdermal Drug Delivery To Treat Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory
skin disease.
Continuous administration of steroids often causes undesired side
effects; hence, drug delivery systems with high loading capacities
and sustained release profiles are required. Herein, adhesive hydrogels
for sustained transdermal delivery of dexamethasone (DEX), a potent
corticosteroid, have been suggested for AD treatment. The adhesive
composite hydrogels comprise a double network of polyacrylamide (PAM)
and polydopamine (PDA) embedded with extra-large-pore mesoporous silica
nanoparticles (XL-MSNs). The intrinsic skin adhesiveness of the dopamine-derived
PAM/PDA hydrogels is further enhanced by XL-MSN incorporation that
contributes to the simultaneous enhancement of cohesion and adhesion
of the hydrogel. The resulting adhesive hydrogels exhibit a high water
content and strong adhesion to porcine skin. A sustained release of
DEX is obtained when DEX is loaded within the pores of XL-MSNs in
PAM/PDA hydrogels compared to the rapid release from the direct loading
of DEX in hydrogels. Application of DEX-loaded MSN@PAM/PDA hydrogels
on an AD mouse model led to the significant suppression of AD symptoms,
including the restoration of the thickened epidermal layer, decrease
in inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin, recovery of collagen
deposition, and decreased levels of immunoglobulin E. XL-MSN-embedded
adhesive hydrogels could be a potential platform for topical drug
delivery to treat inflammatory skin diseases