The Ascent of America's High-Growth Companies: An Analysis of the Geography of Entrepreneurship

This report offers the first-ever deep dive into the geographic trends of America's fastest growing private companies -- the Inc. 500. Inc. magazine's annual ranking, which began in 1982, has become an important point of pride for high-achieving companies and a source of research for economists. Not until now, however, has anyone dissected the past thirty years of comprehensive data from these high-growth companies. Through a partnership with Inc. magazine, the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation has done just that. In this, one of a set of studies examining Inc. 500 data over time, we offer a geographic analysis of how regional characteristics are associated with fast-growing companies and innovations. Tracing hundreds of Inc. firms per year and thousands per decade, we have captured a range of innovations and analyzed the regions that continuously produce fast-growing companies. Knowing that very little is understood about the geography of high-growth companies, we approached this analysis with a range of questions: where are the fast-growing Inc. firms located at the state and metropolitan levels? How have they shifted over time? Do we find greater geographic concentration of Inc. firms over time? How is the geography of Inc. firms different from commonly associated growth factors, such as high-tech industries, venture capital firms, and research universities?As you review the findings of this report, keep in mind that the creation of another ranking is not our primary objective. It is more important to demonstrate different regions with different sectors and strengths, in contrast to previously identified areas that have been highlighted as strong producers of high-tech companies. Thus, our objective is to shed light on formerly understudied areas of economic development

Beyond Metropolitan Startup Rates: Regional Factors Associated with Startup Growth

Understanding what fosters -- and hinders -- firm formation and growth at the metropolitan level across the United States is a challenge. Entrepreneurship can be measured by a variety of indicators, and they each can tell somewhat different stories. Furthermore, because entrepreneurship can refer to the growth of firms from a startup stage to mid- or large-scale, no one dataset covers the full range of companies that fall in this category. This report contributes to the Kauffman Foundation's recent series of analyses on the rate of business creation in metropolitan areas. Going beyond identifying metropolitan areas with higher rates of entrepreneurship, we analyze what regional factors are associated, or unassociated, with entrepreneurial activity. Understanding what drives entrepreneurship at the regional level -- especially high-growth business creation -- will help policymakers and entrepreneurship supporters know where to invest their efforts

Review of \u3cem\u3eSeven Rules for Social Research.\u3c/em\u3e Glenn Firebaugh. Reviewed by Yasuki Motoyoma.

Book review of Glenn Firebaugh, Seven Rules for Social Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008. $24.95 papercover

Examining the Connections within the Startup Ecosystem: A Case Study of St. Louis

We critically examine how an entrepreneurial ecosystem is structured using an exploratory and bottom-up approach. Past studies in this area have discussed the presence of elements in the system or captured the ecosystem as holistically as possible by extending to social, cultural, and institutional dimension. However, we find that such aggregated conceptualizations gave limited understanding to how different elements are connected and constitute the system. Here, we apply a social network approach by analyzing the connections of the ecosystem at multiple layers: (1) among entrepreneurs, (2) among support organizations, and (3) between and among entrepreneurs and key support organizations. Through a series of interviews with entrepreneurs and support organizations in St. Louis, we find that the ways in which support organizations in this region interacted with each other and with entrepreneurs, including explicit cross-organizational collaboration and strategic structuring of resources, significantly impacted the way that entrepreneurs interacted with one another and with organizations, thus deepening our understanding of these connections and identifying intervening points within the ecosystem

Leveraging Regional Assets: Insights from High-Growth Companies in Kansas City

As a typical Midwestern city, Kansas City and its successful entrepreneurs often are overlooked in economic development studies. We find, however, compelling evidence that the region has ample entrepreneurial success to celebrate, study, and share since numerous Kansas City area firms have appeared on Inc.magazine's list of the fastest-growing companies. We recently interviewed the founders of some of these firms in the city's information technology, biotechnology, and business services sectors about their views on the strengths and viability of Kansas City's entrepreneurial ecosystem. We gained valuable insights for area policy and economic leaders. Key findings of our interviews include:-Lack of venture capital or angel investment does not hinder the growth of Kansas City firms. Only a small percentage of the high-growth firmsinterviewed reported receiving investment from Venture Capital or Angel investors. Instead, most high-growth firms were self-financed or received financial assistance from founders' close friends and families. Some bootstrapped by adapting their firms to customer needs to achieve growth, while others scaled up only as revenues increased and additional customers were found. No matter how they were funded, the firms successfully grew their revenue. -Kansas City firms enjoy a substantial pool of talent in the region. Growing firms often have a long-term employee development strategy to hire young people and train them to be first-class professionals, including technical experts. Entrepreneurs also find the region's low cost of living and strong, Midwestern work ethic to be major strengths.-Most Kansas City entrepreneurs find support from customers, vendors, and/or collaborating firms in the region. This finding runs somewhat contrary to Swiss researcher Heike Mayer's recent conclusion that firms in the Kansas City region are disconnected. These regional connections lead to the firms' innovations and growth. -A number of high-growth firms serve only the Kansas City area or a limited market of regional cities, yet they see this limited regional focus as a business strength. Entrepreneurs and their support community should take note that a firm does not have to capture a national or global market to be highly successful. -Most Kansas City entrepreneurs report that locally based mentors have played a significant role in their success. Whether through informal or 2 formal channels, connecting experienced entrepreneurs to aspiring or nascent entrepreneurs and allowing mentor-mentee relationships to grow organically should be goals of the city's entrepreneurial support community. Further research is needed on how best to create and implement local mentorship programs

Place of pitavastatin in the statin armamentarium: promising evidence for a role in diabetes mellitus

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, known as statins, have revolutionized the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease prevention. However, there are considerable issues regarding statin safety and further development of residual risk control, particularly for diabetic and metabolic syndrome patients. Pitavastatin is a potent statin with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-lowering effects comparable to those of atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Pitavastatin has a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol raising effect, may improve insulin resistance, and has little influence on glucose metabolism. Considering these factors along with its unique pharmacokinetic properties, which suggest minimal drug–drug interaction, pitavastatin could provide an alternative treatment choice, especially in patients with glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus. Many clinical trials are now underway to test the clinical efficacy of pitavastatin in various settings and are expected to provide further information

Examining the Connections within the Startup Ecosystem: A Case Study of St. Louis

This paper documents the resurgence of entrepreneurial activity in St. Louis by reporting on the collaboration and local learning within the startup community. This activity is happening both between entrepreneurs and between organizations that provide support, such as mentoring and funding, to entrepreneurs. As these connections deepen, the strength of the entrepreneurial ecosystem grows. Another finding from the research is that activity-based events, where entrepreneurs have the chance to use and practice the skills needed to grow their businesses, are most useful. St. Louis provides a multitude of these activities, such as Startup Weekend, 1 Million Cups, Code Until Dawn, StartLouis, and GlobalHack. Some of these are St. Louis specific, but others have nationwide or global operations, providing important implications for other cities

トクシマケン アナブキガワ ジョウリュウ コヤダイラ ノ チシツ ト チケイ

The Mikabu and Chichibu belts in the Anabukigawa arre were studied with respect to their composition， boundaries and the relation with landslides. The main body of the Mikabu Greenstones is composed of the MORB-type tholeiite, and the Hawaiian and Polynesian-type alkaline basalts. The greenstones are dominated by dolerite intrusions into bedded-cherts. The coincidence of the chemical composition attributes the Taigo and Nakano greenstone bodies to the Mikabu Greenstones. The limestone phyllite of the Mt. Tsurugi was dated by the occurrence of Late Carboniferous conodonts. The co-occurrence of conodonts and crinoids suggests that the limestone originates from the tropical reef settings.The Fujinoike-dani Valley and the southern slope along the Anabukigawa River are characterized by the frequent occurrence of landslides and collupse of forest road-cuts. Because the faults，that cut the North Chichibu Belt，an d bounds from the Mikabu Greenstone Belt as well as the Kaminirogawa-Akuigawa Fault that obliquely cut them later，are concentrated in the Fujinoike-dani Valley and the southern slope along the Anabukigawa Riiver.The landslides are concentrated along the valley walls of the Anabukigawa River where Mikabu Greenstones and the Sanbagawa green and pelitic schists occur. The distribution of landslides in the area is controlled by the lithology (distribution of greenstone and schists)，the coincidence of their dipping with valley wall, the contents of swelling clay minerals in the weathered materials， and the changes in rock properties of pelitic schists due to weathering

The "Rou-Seki" marble from Nakano in Ichiu area, East Shikoku : research of marbles relating with the construction of National Diet Building of Japan in Tokyo

国会議事堂関連石材として文献資料に登場する一宇中野の「ろう石」大理石を調査し，採掘跡を確認した。「ろう石」は三波川帯南縁に露出する中野緑色岩類北縁に随伴する石灰質片岩である。その採掘跡は，文献に記述された大正末～昭和初期の当時の状況で残されていることが確認された。徳島県産大理石としては，稀少な石灰質片岩であり，近代初期の採掘跡として貴重であることから，その保存と内外への紹介が期待される

A novel 10Be proxy of cosmic-ray intensity between 11-28 ka from Dome Fuji, Antarctica.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム　氷床コアセッション 11月16日（水） 国立極地研究所 2階大会議室前フロ