38 research outputs found
Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated humans
Elevating core temperature at rest causes increases in minute ventilation (V̇e), which lead to reductions in both arterial CO2 partial pressure (hypocapnia) and cerebral blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that in resting heated humans this hypocapnia diminishes the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature but does not explain a large portion of the decrease in cerebral blood flow. Fourteen healthy men were passively heated using hot-water immersion (41°C) combined with a water-perfused suit, which caused esophageal temperature (Tes) to reach 39°C. During heating in two separate trials, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure decreased from the level before heating (39.4 ± 2.0 mmHg) to the end of heating (30.5 ± 6.3 mmHg) (P = 0.005) in the Control trial. This decrease was prevented by breathing CO2-enriched air throughout the heating such that end-tidal CO2 partial pressure did not differ between the beginning (39.8 ± 1.5 mmHg) and end (40.9 ± 2.7 mmHg) of heating (P = 1.00). The sensitivity to rising Tes (i.e., slope of the Tes − V̇E relation) did not differ between the Control and CO2-breathing trials (37.1 ± 43.1 vs. 16.5 ± 11.1 l·min−1·°C−1, P = 0.31). In both trials, middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV) decreased early during heating (all P < 0.01), despite the absence of hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. CO2 breathing increased MCAV relative to Control at the end of heating (P = 0.005) and explained 36.6% of the heat-induced reduction in MCAV. These results indicate that during passive heating at rest ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by hypocapnia and that most of the decrease in cerebral blood flow occurs independently of hypocapnia
Additional file 2: of Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines
Figure S2. Weekly distribution of dengue incidence, average temperature, and cumulative rainfall from 2011 to 2015 in Davao Region. Red line is the cumulative rainfall, dotted blue line are the dengue incidences, and the green dot-and-line is the average temperature. The right-hand side y-axis is in degrees Celsius (for the average temperature), while the left-hand side y-axis is for the dengue incidence and rainfall levels. (JPEG 38 kb
Additional file 1: of Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines
Table S1. Sensitivity analysis with the combination of DLNM and simple linear models. The table depicts that no matter the combination of the linear and DLNM models, there is not much improvement in the model performance, with similar observations in the previous univariate linear and DLNM models. (DOCX 14 kb
Additional file 5: of Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines
Figure S4. EF-applied dose-response risk curve. Relatively the same risk patterns can be observed, with heightened risks for moderate rain, low temperature and high dew point. (TIFF 1551 kb
Additional file 4: of Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines
Figure S1. Annual distribution of cumulative rainfall (mm) in Davao Region, 2011–2015. Annual variations in the rainfall, with 2012 recording the highest level (of rainfall). (TIFF 6784 kb
Additional file 3: of Meteorological factors affecting dengue incidence in Davao, Philippines
Figure S3. Distribution of monthly dengue incidences and local meteorological variables from 2011 to 2015. (A) Box plot of the monthly dengue incidences, (B) Average temperature (°C), (C) Cumulative rainfall (mm), and (D) Dew point (°C). The horizontal line in the middle of each box is the mean, while the top and bottom borders of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively and the whiskers indicates the 10th and 90th percentiles. (TIF 234 kb
Excitation Spectra of Cation and Anion Radicals of Several Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Symmetry Adapted Cluster-Configuration Interaction Theoretical Study
Excitation spectra of cation and anion radicals of unsaturated
hydrocarbons, hexatriene<sup>±</sup>, octatetraene<sup>±</sup>, cyclopentadiene<sup>+</sup>, 1,3-cyclohexadiene<sup>+</sup>, and
naphthalene<sup>±</sup>, were studied by the symmetry adapted
cluster-configuration interaction (SAC-CI) method. The calculated
results reasonably reproduced the experimental spectra observed by
one of the authors (T.S.) and gave reasonable assignments. The two
bands observed in the experimental spectra were assigned to π–π<sub>SOMO</sub> and π<sub>SOMO</sub>–π* for the cation
radicals and π*<sub>SOMO</sub>–π* and π–π*<sub>SOMO</sub> for the anion radicals, in order of increasing energy,
except for naphthalene<sup>±</sup>. The four bands of naphthalene<sup>+</sup> originated from π–π<sub>SOMO</sub>, π–π<sub>SOMO</sub>, π<sub>SOMO</sub>–π*, and π<sub>SOMO</sub>–π* and those of naphthalene<sup>–</sup> originated from π*<sub>SOMO</sub>–π*, π*<sub>SOMO</sub>–π*, π–π*<sub>SOMO</sub>, π*<sub>SOMO</sub>–vπ*, and π–π*<sub>SOMO</sub>, in order of increasing energy. The SOMO orbitals were
involved in the intense bands of both cation and anion radicals. Moreover,
the ionization energies (IEs) and electron affinities (EAs) of these
hydrocarbons were in good agreement with the experimental values,
whereas the EAs of hexatriene and octatetraene were predicted to be
negative and positive, respectively. The calculated IE + EA values
were nearly constant for the three π–π* pairing
states of hexatriene<sup>±</sup>, octatetraene<sup>±</sup>, and naphthalene<sup>±</sup>, indicating that the pairing theorem
is valid even at the SAC-CI level
Reply to Parkes: Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated humans
Reply to Parkes: Effect of hypocapnia on the sensitivity of hyperthermic hyperventilation and the cerebrovascular response in resting heated human
City-combined association between daily mean O<sub>3</sub> (lag0-1, ppb) and daily mortality adjusted for PM<sub>10</sub> in 13 Japanese and Korean cities from 2000 to 2009.
<p>City-combined association between daily mean O<sub>3</sub> (lag0-1, ppb) and daily mortality adjusted for PM<sub>10</sub> in 13 Japanese and Korean cities from 2000 to 2009.</p
Thresholds of concentration-response relationship between O<sub>3</sub> concentration and daily mortality and the excessive mortality for 1 ppb increment below and above the thresholds adjusting for PM<sub>10</sub> in 7 Japanese and Korean cities.
<p>Thresholds of concentration-response relationship between O<sub>3</sub> concentration and daily mortality and the excessive mortality for 1 ppb increment below and above the thresholds adjusting for PM<sub>10</sub> in 7 Japanese and Korean cities.</p