Interfacial Adhesion Forces of Hydrate Particles in the Presence of Hydrate Inhibitors

Hydrate inhibitors are traditionally utilized to prevent hydrate plugging. In this study, the adhesion forces of cyclopentane (CP) hydrates with thermodynamic inhibitors (ethanol, urea, and NaCl) and anti-agglomerant inhibitors [sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and lecithin] were measured to understand the effects of hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion forces of hydrates. It was found that the thermodynamic inhibitors increased the early hydrate interparticle adhesion force due to the enhanced liquid bridge force. However, the liquid bridge acted as a lubricant layer to prevent the irreversible agglomeration of hydrate after long-term contact. The hydrate adhesion forces decreased by 90.5–93.0% and 76.6–92.7% with an increase in the concentration of Span 80 and lecithin, respectively, from 0.1 to 1 wt %. Both rough morphology and low interfacial tension contributed to the adhesion force decrease of hydrate after the addition of anti-agglomerant inhibitors. The results may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of influence and quantifying the impact of hydrate inhibitors on hydrate interparticle adhesion force

Interfacial Adhesion Forces of Hydrate Particles in the Presence of Hydrate Inhibitors

Hydrate inhibitors are traditionally utilized to prevent hydrate plugging. In this study, the adhesion forces of cyclopentane (CP) hydrates with thermodynamic inhibitors (ethanol, urea, and NaCl) and anti-agglomerant inhibitors [sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and lecithin] were measured to understand the effects of hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion forces of hydrates. It was found that the thermodynamic inhibitors increased the early hydrate interparticle adhesion force due to the enhanced liquid bridge force. However, the liquid bridge acted as a lubricant layer to prevent the irreversible agglomeration of hydrate after long-term contact. The hydrate adhesion forces decreased by 90.5–93.0% and 76.6–92.7% with an increase in the concentration of Span 80 and lecithin, respectively, from 0.1 to 1 wt %. Both rough morphology and low interfacial tension contributed to the adhesion force decrease of hydrate after the addition of anti-agglomerant inhibitors. The results may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of influence and quantifying the impact of hydrate inhibitors on hydrate interparticle adhesion force

Interfacial Adhesion Forces of Hydrate Particles in the Presence of Hydrate Inhibitors

Hydrate inhibitors are traditionally utilized to prevent hydrate plugging. In this study, the adhesion forces of cyclopentane (CP) hydrates with thermodynamic inhibitors (ethanol, urea, and NaCl) and anti-agglomerant inhibitors [sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and lecithin] were measured to understand the effects of hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion forces of hydrates. It was found that the thermodynamic inhibitors increased the early hydrate interparticle adhesion force due to the enhanced liquid bridge force. However, the liquid bridge acted as a lubricant layer to prevent the irreversible agglomeration of hydrate after long-term contact. The hydrate adhesion forces decreased by 90.5–93.0% and 76.6–92.7% with an increase in the concentration of Span 80 and lecithin, respectively, from 0.1 to 1 wt %. Both rough morphology and low interfacial tension contributed to the adhesion force decrease of hydrate after the addition of anti-agglomerant inhibitors. The results may be helpful for understanding the mechanism of influence and quantifying the impact of hydrate inhibitors on hydrate interparticle adhesion force

The mycorrhizal dependence of <i>C</i>. <i>morifolium</i> plants under 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl. Symbols are the same as in Fig 1.

<p>The mycorrhizal dependence of <i>C</i>. <i>morifolium</i> plants under 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl. Symbols are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0196408#pone.0196408.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>.</p

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nitrogen uptake of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> under salt stress - Fig 4

<p>Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on shoot N concentration (A), shoot P concentration (B), root N concentration (C) and root P concentration (D) of <i>C</i>. <i>morifolium</i> plants under 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl. Symbols are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0196408#pone.0196408.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>.</p

Effects of salt, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their interactions on growth and nutrient parameters of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> plants.

<p>Effects of salt, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their interactions on growth and nutrient parameters of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> plants.</p

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nitrogen uptake of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> under salt stress - Fig 1

<p>Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on leaf area (A) and root length (B) of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> plants under 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl. NM, Fm, Dv and Fm+Dv represent inoculation with no mycorrhizal fungi, <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i>, <i>Diversispora versiformis</i> and the combined inoculums, respectively. Values are presented as the mean ± SE. Values followed by the same letter do not differ significantly at P <0.05 by the LSD multiple range test.</p

DataSheet1_Screening for MicroRNA combination with engineered exosomes as a new tool against osteosarcoma in elderly patients.docx

The most common primary malignant bone sarcoma is Osteogenic sarcoma (OS) which has a bimodal age distribution. Unfortunately, the treatment of OS was less effective for elderly patients than for younger ones. The study aimed to explore a new microRNA (miRNA) which can bind to combining engineered exosomes for treatment of older OS patients. Based on GSE65071 and miRNet 2.0, two up-regulated miRNAs (miR-328, miR-107) and seven down-regulated miRNAs (miR-133b, miR-206, miR-1-3p, miR-133a, miR-449a, miR-181daysay, miR-134) were selected. Next, we used FunRich software to predict the up-stream transcription factors (TFs) of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs). By comparing target genes predicted from DE-miRNAs with differentially expressed genes, we identified 12 down-regulated and 310 up-regulated mRNAs. For KEGG analysis, the most enriched KEGG pathway was Cell cycle, Spliceosome, and Protein digestion and absorption. By using protein-protein interactions network, topological analysis algorithm and GEPIA database, miR-449a /CCNB1 axis was identified. Experiments in vitro were conducted to confirm the results too. MiRNA-449a is down-regulated in osteosarcoma and suppresses cell proliferation by targeting CCNB1. Our findings not only reveal a novel mechanism of miR-449a /CCNB1 in OS but also had laid the groundwork for further investigation and analysis in the field of exosome engineering.</p

Additional file 4: Table S4. of Comparative genomic analysis of six new-found integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in Vibrio alginolyticus

ORFs in ICEValHN396 and their similarity with related ICEs. (DOCX 19 kb

Colonization of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under salt stress.

<p>Colonization of <i>Chrysanthemum morifolium</i> by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under salt stress.</p