MiR-489 serves as a tumor inhibitor in pituitary prolactinoma targeting p21-activated kinase 3

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of microRNA-489 (miR-489) on pituitary prolactinoma and its mechanisms of action. Methods: MMQ and GH3 cells were transfected with miR-489, cell viability assessed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and clone spots was evaluated by colony formation assay. Transwell assay was applied to measure cell migration and invasion while TargetScan was employed to the presumed targets of miR-489, followed by luciferase reporter assays. was MiR-489 and p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) gene expression were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR. Protein levels of PAK3 were measured using western blots. Results: Transfection significantly increased miRNA-489 levels (p < 0.01). Cell viability, number of clone spots, as well as cell migration and invasion diminished in MMQ and GH3 cells following miR-489 transfection when compared to miR-NC mimic group (p < 0.01). The presumed binding site of miRNA- 489 was located in 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of PAK3, and miR-489 transfection repressed luciferase activity with the wild-type 3′-UTR (p < 0.05). In addition, miR-489 decreased PAK3 levels in MMQ and GH3 cells. Knockdown of PAK3 significantly suppressed cell viability, clone formation ability, as well as cell migration and invasion when compared to negative control (p < 0.01). Conclusion: MiR-489 overexpression suppresses pituitary prolactinoma by targeting PAK3, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of pituitary prolactinoma

Different linkages in the long and short regions of the genomes of duck enteritis virus Clone-03 and VAC Strains

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is an unassigned member in the family <it>Herpesviridae</it>. To demonstrate further the evolutionary position of DEV in the family <it>Herpesviridae</it>, we have described a 42,897-bp fragment. We demonstrated novel genomic organization at one end of the long (L) region and in the entire short (S) region in the Clone-03 strain of DEV.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A 42,897-bp fragment located downstream of the <it>LOFR11 </it>gene was amplified from the Clone-03 strain of DEV by using 'targeted gene walking PCR'. Twenty-two open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted and determined in the following order: 5'<it>-LORF11-RLORF1</it>-<it>ORF1</it>-<it>ICP4</it>-<it>S1-S2-US1-US10-SORF3-US2-MDV091.5-like-US3-US4-US5-US6-US7-US8-ORFx-US1-S2-S1-ICP4 </it>-3'. This was different from that of the published VAC strain, both in the linkage of the L region and S region, and in the length of the US10 and US7 proteins. The <it>MDV091.5-like </it>gene, <it>ORFx </it>gene, <it>S1 </it>gene and <it>S2 </it>gene were first observed in the DEV genome. The lengths of DEV US10 and US7 were determined to be 311 and 371 amino acids, respectively, in the Clone-03 strain of DEV, and these were different from those of other strains. The comparison of genomic organization in the fragment studied herein with those of other herpesviruses showed that DEV possesses some unique characteristics, such as the duplicated US1 at each end of the US region, and the US5, which showed no homology with those of other herpesviruses. In addition, the results of phylogenetic analysis of ORFs in the represented fragment indicated that DEV is closest to its counterparts VZV (<it>Varicellovirus</it>) and other avian herpesviruses.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The molecular characteristics of the 42,897-bp fragment of Clone-03 have been found to be different from those of the VAC strain. The phylogenetic analysis of genes in this region showed that DEV should be a separate member of the subfamily <it>Alphaherpesvirinae</it>.</p

CTT: CNN Meets Transformer for Tracking

Siamese networks are one of the most popular directions in the visual object tracking based on deep learning. In Siamese networks, the feature pyramid network (FPN) and the cross-correlation complete feature fusion and the matching of features extracted from the template and search branch, respectively. However, object tracking should focus on the global and contextual dependencies. Hence, we introduce a delicate residual transformer structure which contains a self-attention mechanism called encoder-decoder into our tracker as the part of neck. Under the encoder-decoder structure, the encoder promotes the interaction between the low-level features extracted from the target and search branch by the CNN to obtain global attention information, while the decoder replaces cross-correlation to send global attention information into the head module. We add a spatial and channel attention component in the target branch, which can further improve the accuracy and robustness of our proposed model for a low price. Finally, we detailly evaluate our tracker CTT on GOT-10k, VOT2019, OTB-100, LaSOT, NfS, UAV123 and TrackingNet benchmarks, and our proposed method obtains competitive results with the state-of-the-art algorithms

Geology and genesis of Kafang Cu-Sn deposit, Gejiu district, SW China

Kafang is one of the main ore deposits in the world-class Gejiu polymetallic tin district, SW China. There are three main mineralization types in the Kafang deposit, i.e., skarn Cu-Sn ores, stratiform Cu ores hosted by basalt and stratiform Cu-Sn ores hosted by carbonate. The skarn mainly consists of garnet and pyroxene, and retrograde altered rocks. These retrograde altered rocks are superimposed on the skarn and are composed of actinolite, chlorite, epidote and phlogopite. Major ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, pyrite and scheelite. Sulfur and Pb isotopic components hint that the sources of different types of mineralization are distinctive, and indicate that the skarn ore mainly originated from granitic magma, whereas the basalt-hosted Cu ores mainly derived from basalt Microthermometry results of fluid inclusions display a gradual change during the ore-forming process. The homogenization temperature of different types of inclusions continuously decreases from early to late mineralization stages. The salinities and freezing temperatures exhibit similar evolutionary tendencies with the T(homogenizaion), while the densities of the different types keep constant, the majority being less than 1. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values (δ¹⁸O and δD) of the hydrothermal fluids fall within ranges of 3.1 to 7.7‰ with an average of 6.15‰ calculated at the corresponding homogenization temperature, and -73 and -98‰ with an average of -86.5‰, respectively. Microthermometry data and H-O isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluid of the Kafang deposit is mainly derived from magma in the early stage and a mixture of meteoric and magmatic water in late stage. Molybdenite Re-Os age of the skarn type mineralization is 83.4 ± 2.1 Ma, and the stratiform ores hosted by basalt is 84.2 ± 7.3 Ma, which are consistent with the LA-ICP-MS zircon age of the Xinshan granite intrusion (83.1 ± 0.4 Ma). The evidence listed above reflects the fact that different ore styles in the Kafang deposit belong to the same mineralization system

Gejiu tin polymetallic ore-field: deposit model and discussion for several points concerned

Gejiu is the largest polymetallic tin ore-field over the world. It has been known as the Yanshanian ranite-related deposit for long time, but recently some researchers argued that it is a syngenetic deposit formed by marine exhalation or it is a basalt-related. After our field investigation and check the previous data achieved we propose that there are not enough evidences to support the two new concepts. Based on the new data we suggest a mineral model for the olymetallic tin deposits of the Gejiu area. The mineral model is that all the mineralization occurs around the roof pendant of the Cretaceous granites (equigranular granite and porphyritic granite) , i. e. greisen-type, skarn-type, Manto type of cassiterite sulfide, and vein-type quartz-tourmaline mineralization from the contact outside. It also exhibits a zoning of the ore-forming elements, i. e. Sn-Cu-W-Mo, Cu-Sn, Cu, Cu-Pb-Zn concentrated around the Cretaceous granite intrusion. We propose the copper in the ores be mainly derived from the Triassic basalt, whereas Pb-Zn from the Triassic carbonate. Moreover, compared with the Cretaceous metallic mineralization in the other parts of the South China we suggest that large-scale W-Sn mineralization and related magmatic rocks dated to be 80-90 Ma in southeastern Yunnan and western Guangxi are the consequence of lithospheric thinning

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of Kafang copper deposit in Gejiu, Yunnan Province

Gejiu is the largest polymetallic tin ore-field over the world. Kafang copper deposit is a main copper provider in Gejiu. There are two kinds of ore-body in Kafang copper deposit. One is stratiform-like ore-body, and the other is contact ore-body. The main wall-rock alterations comprise skarnization, actinolitization and phlogopitization. The analytical results of electron microprobe show that the clinopyroxene is diopside-andradite series. The end member of garnet is dominated by andradite and grossular, with minor spessartine and almandine. Fluid inclusion analysis indicate that the temperature of ore-forming fluid decreased significantly (260-360°C to 160 - 280°C) and the salinity of ore-forming fluid keeps constant basically ( 1.74% - 12.51% to 1.74% -11.93% ) from main mineralization stage to post mineralization stage. Hydrogen isotope analysis and oxygen isotope analysis show that the ore-forming fluid is dominated by magmatic water in the early stage, but in late stage, it could be mixed with magmatic and meteoric water. The compositions of sulfur isotope show that sulfur of stratiform-like ore-body was derived from Triassic basalt, yet both of Triassic basalt and Yanshanian granite provide sulfur for contact ore-body. The compositions of lead isotope show that the source of ore-forming material of stratiform-like ore-body is Triassic basalt, yet the source of lead of contact ore-body is Yanshanian granite

Geology, geochemistry and genesis of Kafang copper deposit in Gejiu, Yunnan Province

Gejiu is the largest polymetallic tin ore-field over the world. Kafang copper deposit is a main copper provider in Gejiu. There are two kinds of ore-body in Kafang copper deposit. One is stratiform-like ore-body, and the other is contact ore-body. The main wall-rock alterations comprise skarnization, actinolitization and phlogopitization. The analytical results of electron microprobe show that the clinopyroxene is diopside-andradite series. The end member of garnet is dominated by andradite and grossular, with minor spessartine and almandine. Fluid inclusion analysis indicate that the temperature of ore-forming fluid decreased significantly (260-360°C to 160 - 280°C) and the salinity of ore-forming fluid keeps constant basically ( 1.74% - 12.51% to 1.74% -11.93% ) from main mineralization stage to post mineralization stage. Hydrogen isotope analysis and oxygen isotope analysis show that the ore-forming fluid is dominated by magmatic water in the early stage, but in late stage, it could be mixed with magmatic and meteoric water. The compositions of sulfur isotope show that sulfur of stratiform-like ore-body was derived from Triassic basalt, yet both of Triassic basalt and Yanshanian granite provide sulfur for contact ore-body. The compositions of lead isotope show that the source of ore-forming material of stratiform-like ore-body is Triassic basalt, yet the source of lead of contact ore-body is Yanshanian granite

The Involvement of Glucose in Hydrogen Gas-Medicated Adventitious Rooting in Cucumber

Hydrogen gas (H2) and glucose (Glc) have been reported as novel antioxidants and signal molecules involved in multiple biological processes in plants. However, the physiological roles and relationships of H2 and Glc in adventitious rooting are less clear. Here, we showed that the effects of different concentrations Glc (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 mM) on adventitious rooting in cucumber were dose-dependent, with a maximal biological response at 0.10 mM. While, the positive roles of hydrogen rich water (HRW, a H2 donor)-regulated adventitious rooting were blocked by a specific Glc inhibitor glucosamine (GlcN), suggesting that Glc might be responsible for H2-regulated adventitious root development. HRW increased glucose, sucrose, starch and total sugar contents. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) contents were also increased by HRW. Meanwhile, the activities of sucrose-related enzymes incorporating sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glucose-related enzymes including hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and adenosine 5′-diphosphate pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) were increased by HRW. Moreover, HRW upregulated the expression levels of sucrose or glucose metabolism-related genes including CsSuSy1, CsSuSy6, CsHK1, CsHK3, CsUDP1, CsUDP1-like, CsG6P1 and CsG6P1-like. However, these positive roles were all inhibited by GlcN. Together, H2 might regulate adventitious rooting by promoting glucose metabolism

Inhibitory Influence of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Aspirin Hydrolysis in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells

Herb-drug interactions are important safety concerns in clinical practice. The interactions occur firstly in the intestinal absorption for orally administered drugs. Aspirin and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS)-based drugs are often combined in China to prevent larger-artery atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to characterize the aspirin transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers, a model of the intestinal absorption, and further to evaluate the influence of PNS on aspirin hydrolysis and the relating mechanisms. Transcellular transport of aspirin and the influence of PNS were explored using Caco-2 cell monolayers. The protein expression of human carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1) and hCE2 in Caco-2 cells after PNS treatment was analyzed by ELISA, and the mRNA level were determined by qRT-PCR. In the study, Caco-2 cells showed high level of hydrolase activity, and most aspirin was hydrolyzed inside the cells during the transport process. Interestingly, PNS were demonstrated to inhibit the esterase activities responsible for aspirin hydrolysis in Caco-2 cells. PNS could also decrease the protein expression of hCE1 and hCE2, whereas exhibited minor effect on the mRNA expression. These results indicated that oral administration of PNS-based drugs might inhibit the hydrolysis of aspirin during intestinal absorption thus promoting its bioavailability