231 research outputs found
How to Conduct a Photovoice Systematic Review: Lessons Learned and Recommendations
Photovoice distinguishes itself from other qualitative research methods for its visual features and participant empowerment. As a powerful tool for community-based participatory research and health promotion programs, researchers and practitioners are paying more attention to this method in recent years. Accordingly, some photovoice systematic reviews have been published and more are underway to synthesize evidence in various research fields. However, due to the exploratory nature of the photovoice method, broad research questions for photo taking, flexible steps in photo discussion and analysis, and lack of standardized qualitative review guidelines, it could be challenging to conduct a photovoice systematic review. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the photovoice method, debrief the process of a previous review, summarize lessons learned, and provide suggestions to facilitate future photovoice systematic reviews. This paper may also be of benefit to researchers who intend to apply photovoice to their research topics, or plan to conduct other types of photovoice literature reviews (e.g., scoping reviews)
Mechanisms and biomarkers of airway epithelial cell damage in asthma: a review
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathological mechanisms representing different phenotypes, including severe asthma. The airway epithelium is a major site of complex pathological changes in severe asthma due, in part, to activation of inflammatory and immune mechanisms in response to noxious agents. Current imaging procedures are unable to accurately measure epithelial and airway remodeling. Damage of airway epithelial cells occurs is linked to specific phenotypes and endotypes which provides an opportunity for the identification of biomarkers reflecting epithelial, and airway, remodeling. Identification of patients with more severe epithelial disruption using biomarkers may also provide personalized therapeutic opportunities and/or markers of successful therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the evidence for ongoing epithelial cell dysregulation in the pathogenesis of asthma, the sentinel role of the airway epithelium and how understanding these molecular mechanisms provides the basis for the identification of candidate biomarkers for asthma prediction, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring
Analysis of Sports Injuries among High School Athletes in 18 West Central Florida Schools
Through this study we report the 2014-15 injuries of high school athletes in 18 west central Florida schools utilizing the Reporting Information Online (RIO) data system. Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) were hired and trained by researchers from the University of South Florida to collect and report injury findings from high school athletes. Descriptive statistics, injury rates, and rate ratios were calculated. Overall, 726 injuries were reported by the ATCs. Football was the leading sport for number of injuries and injuries per athlete-exposures for practices and competitions. Boys had significantly greater injury rates compared to girls overall and in competitions and practices. Our results show the important role football continues to play in high school sports injuries and help lay the groundwork for the development of targeted interventions for athletes
Point Cloud Self-supervised Learning via 3D to Multi-view Masked Autoencoder
In recent years, the field of 3D self-supervised learning has witnessed
significant progress, resulting in the emergence of Multi-Modality Masked
AutoEncoders (MAE) methods that leverage both 2D images and 3D point clouds for
pre-training. However, a notable limitation of these approaches is that they do
not fully utilize the multi-view attributes inherent in 3D point clouds, which
is crucial for a deeper understanding of 3D structures. Building upon this
insight, we introduce a novel approach employing a 3D to multi-view masked
autoencoder to fully harness the multi-modal attributes of 3D point clouds. To
be specific, our method uses the encoded tokens from 3D masked point clouds to
generate original point clouds and multi-view depth images across various
poses. This approach not only enriches the model's comprehension of geometric
structures but also leverages the inherent multi-modal properties of point
clouds. Our experiments illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for
different tasks and under different settings. Remarkably, our method
outperforms state-of-the-art counterparts by a large margin in a variety of
downstream tasks, including 3D object classification, few-shot learning, part
segmentation, and 3D object detection. Code will be available at:
https://github.com/Zhimin-C/Multiview-MA
Injuries among Young Florida Athletes Playing Sports in Recreational Leagues
The purpose of this study was to identify the injury rates and mechanisms of sports injuries among 5-11-year-old athletes, and to provide preliminary guidance for decreasing injuries in this population. A total of 1511 athletes ages 5- 11 playing football, soccer, baseball and softball participated in our research. One certified athletic trainer (ATC) used Reporting Information Online (RIO) to collect the data on athletic exposure, injuries and injury mechanisms weekly during the 2016-2017 season in Hillsborough County, Florida. A total of 18 injuries occurred in practices or competitions. Football had the leading rate of injuries for both competitions and practices (1.18 and 0.68, per 1000 athlete-exposures respectively). Most injuries occurred during competition (66.7%) and the leading types of injuries were concussions (22.2%) and fractures (22.2%). The leading injury mechanisms were contact with another person (33.3%) and playing apparatus (33.3%). It is advantageous to have ATCs on site for initial injury evaluation and post injury management. Future studies should include additional study venues to provide more evidence on children’s sports injuries
FHPM: Fine-grained Huge Page Management For Virtualization
As more data-intensive tasks with large footprints are deployed in virtual
machines (VMs), huge pages are widely used to eliminate the increasing address
translation overhead. However, once the huge page mapping is established, all
the base page regions in the huge page share a single extended page table (EPT)
entry, so that the hypervisor loses awareness of accesses to base page regions.
None of the state-of-the-art solutions can obtain access information at base
page granularity for huge pages. We observe that this can lead to incorrect
decisions by the hypervisor, such as incorrect data placement in a tiered
memory system and unshared base page regions when sharing pages.
This paper proposes FHPM, a fine-grained huge page management for
virtualization without hardware and guest OS modification. FHPM can identify
access information at base page granularity, and dynamically promote and demote
pages. A key insight of FHPM is to redirect the EPT huge page directory entries
(PDEs) to new companion pages so that the MMU can track access information
within huge pages. Then, FHPM can promote and demote pages according to the
current hot page pressure to balance address translation overhead and memory
usage. At the same time, FHPM proposes a VM-friendly page splitting and
collapsing mechanism to avoid extra VM-exits. In combination, FHPM minimizes
the monitoring and management overhead and ensures that the hypervisor gets
fine-grained VM memory accesses to make the proper decision. We apply FHPM to
improve tiered memory management (FHPM-TMM) and to promote page sharing
(FHPM-Share). FHPM-TMM achieves a performance improvement of up to 33% and 61%
over the pure huge page and base page management. FHPM-Share can save 41% more
memory than Ingens, a state-of-the-art page sharing solution, with comparable
performance
Topological interfacial states in ferroelectric domain walls of two-dimensional bismuth
Using machine learning method, we investigate various domain walls for the
recently discovered single-element ferroelectrics bismuth monolayer [Nature
617, 67 (2023)]. Surprisingly, we find that the charged domain wall
configuration has a lower energy than the uncharged domain wall structure due
to its low electrostatic repulsion potential. Two stable charged domain wall
configurations exhibit topological interfacial states near their domain walls,
which is caused by the change of the Z_2 number between ferroelectric and
paraelectric states. Interestingly, different from the edge states of
topological insulators, the topological interfacial states related Dirac bands
are contributed from different edges which is caused by the build-in electric
field of FE. Our works thus indicate that domain walls in two-dimensional
bismuth can be a good platform for ferroelectric domain wall devices.Comment: 15 pages, 4 fig
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