1,543 research outputs found
COMPARATIVE GAIT ANALYSIS BETWEEN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND AGE MATCHED CONTROLS
There are very few studies that have analyzed the gait of children with autism. The purpose of this study was to investigate gait of children with autism using temporal-spatial variables. Fifteen children with autism and fifteen age matched typically developing children walked 3 times on the GAITRite® system. Dependent variables were statistically analyzed using independent samples t-tests with Bonferroni adjustments. Results show a reduction in cadence, gait velocity, step length and an increase in step width for the children with autism. In conclusion, our results suggest that the children with autism have abnormal gait compared to age matched controls
THE EFFECTS OF WEARING ROLLER SHOES ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN THE LOWER EXTREMITY DURING WALKING
Roller shoes have become increasingly popular among children and its features of retractable wheels which allow the user to walk or roll without changing the footwear. Maintaining balance during forward walking with roller shoes is not an easy task. To prevent falling backward, the user needs to lock the knees and tighten the ankles and thighs while the upper body is slightly leaning forward. Constant walking with roller shoes forces the user to walk in a manner much different from normal gait. Prolonged exposure to un-natural stresses on human body forces our body to evolve by strengthening those incorrect and temporary functions (Clement et al., 1981). For children, the chronic stress may lead to serious injuries in the lower extremity later in life. If any potential of injury exists in a movement it is critical to examine the associated muscle activity that may lead to injury. To the best of our knowledge, the effects of wearing roller shoes on muscle activity in the lower extremity have rarely been studied, especially in the youth population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity during walking wearing jogging and roller shoes
THE EFFECTS OF WEARING SPANDEX WEAR WITH COMPRESSION BAND ON MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING A GOLF SWING
The purpose of this study was to determine how spandex wear with compressive band affects muscle activities during a golf swing. This study showed that average and maximum nEMG (normalized EMG) values of left AO (external abdominal oblique) were less in EG (experimental group) compared with CG (control group) during back swing, whereas those of left PM (pectoralis major) in EG were greater than CG. It is more likely that EG performed effectively golf swing without excess muscle activity. Thus, the spandex wear with compressive band played an important role in improving swing
performance with injury prevention. This has led to suggestions of the need for further kinetic and kinematic analyses to evaluate its function
THE EFFECTS OF WEARING SPANDEX GARMENT WITH COMPRESSION BAND ON KINEMATIC VARIABLES DURING A GOLF SWING
The purpose of this study was to investigate how spandex garment with compressive band affects kinematic variables during a golf swing. The X-factor and angular velocity of the club in EG were increased during the down swing phase, whereas the significant
changes of other kinematic variables were not found in this study. Thus, the effects of wearing spandex garment with compression band cannot be explained as a function of the kinematic variables of interest. It is clear that wearing spandex garment with compressive band may enhance joint stability, which in turn may affect joint kinetics and muscle activation. This has led to suggestions of the need for further kinetic and EMG
analyses to evaluate its function
GAIT ANALYSIS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM USING TEMPORAL-SPATIAL AND FOOT PRESSURE VARIABLES
The purpose of this study was to investigate gait patterns of children with autism using temporal-spatial and foot pressure variables. A total of 30 children participated; 15 autistic children and 15 age matched controls. Group differences were tested using an independent t-test performed by SPSS. The cadence and step/extremity ratio was significantly lower for the experimental group than the control group. The step width was wider; while cycle time, double support time, stance time was longer for the experimental group. The active pressure area and maximum pressure in the hind foot were lower for the experimental group. There were reduced gait velocities and reduced pressure areas in the hind foot and mid foot
TIBIO-FEMORAL JOINT FORCES DURING THE LANDING PHASE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERTICAL JUMP
The purpose of this study was to compare the tibio-femoral contact forces during the landing phases of 8 different types of vertical jump (squat, countermovement, hop approach and drop jumps each with and without the use of arms). Data were collected from eight males and eight females. Two S-VHS camcorders and a force platform were used to obtain the 3-D kinematics and kinetics of the knee joint. Activities of selected muscles spanning the knee joint were monitored using surface electromyographic (EMG) techniques. The EMG-assisted optimization model was used to estimate the tibio-femoral joint forces. The peak compressive contact forces ranged from 3-5 body weight (SW) and from 2.5-3.7 SW for the males and females, respectively. These loads seldom fell within the range that is considered to be damaging to the cartilage at the knee
THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INURY PREVENTION PROGRAM: A META-ANALYSIS
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a neuromuscular protocol on the prevention of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury by performing meta-analysis. An
extensive literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies, and eventually, only seven randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies were included in the analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed that an age under 18, soccer rather than handball, pre- and in-season training rather than either pre or in-season training, and the plyometrics and strengthening components rather than balancing were significant. Metaanalysis
showed that pre- and in-season neuromuscular training with an emphasis on plyometrics and strengthening exercises was effective at preventing ACL injury in female athletes, especially in those under 18 years of age
Progress in Understanding and Sequencing the Genome of Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa, which is closely related to
Arabidopsis thaliana, is an important crop and a
model plant for studying genome evolution via
polyploidization. We report the current understanding of the
genome structure of B. rapa and efforts for the
whole-genome sequencing of the species. The tribe
Brassicaceae, which comprises ca. 240 species,
descended from a common hexaploid ancestor with a basic genome
similar to that of Arabidopsis. Chromosome
rearrangements, including fusions and/or fissions, resulted in
the present-day “diploid” Brassica
species with variation in chromosome number and phenotype.
Triplicated genomic segments of B. rapa are
collinear to those of A. thaliana with InDels.
The genome triplication has led to an approximately 1.7-fold
increase in the B. rapa gene number compared to
that of A. thaliana. Repetitive DNA of B.
rapa has also been extensively amplified and has
diverged from that of A. thaliana. For its
whole-genome sequencing, the Brassica rapa Genome
Sequencing Project (BrGSP) consortium has developed suitable
genomic resources and constructed genetic and physical maps.
Ten chromosomes of B. rapa are being allocated to
BrGSP consortium participants, and each chromosome will be
sequenced by a BAC-by-BAC approach. Genome sequencing of
B. rapa will offer a new perspective for plant
biology and evolution in the context of polyploidization
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