Nonlinearly stability of solutions on the outer Pressure Problem of Compressible Navier-Stokes System with Temperature-Dependent Heat Conductivity

In this paper, the one-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes system with outer pressure boundary conditions is investigated. Under some suitable assumptions, we prove that the specific volume and the temperature are bounded from below and above independently of time, and then give the local and global existence of strong solutions. Furthermore, we also obtain the convergence of the global strong solution to a stationary state and the nonlinearly stability of its convergence. It is worth noticing that all the assumptions imposed on the initial data are the same as Takeyuki Nagasawa [Japan.J.Appl.Math.(1988)]. Therefore, our work can be regarded as an improvement of the results of Takeyuki.Comment: 24 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1809.00467, arXiv:1809.02498 by other author

Semilocal Convergence for a Fifth-Order Newton's Method Using Recurrence Relations in Banach Spaces

We study a modified Newton's method with fifth-order convergence for nonlinear equations in Banach spaces. We make an attempt to establish the semilocal convergence of this method by using recurrence relations. The recurrence relations for the method are derived, and then an existence-uniqueness theorem is given to establish the R-order of the method to be five and a priori error bounds. Finally, a numerical application is presented to demonstrate our approach

Exosomes From miRNA-126-Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Alleviate Brain Injury and Promote Functional Recovery After Stroke

Aims: We previously showed that the protective effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-released exosomes (EPC-EXs) on endothelium in diabetes. However, whether EPC-EXs are protective in diabetic ischemic stroke is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of EPC-EXs on diabetic stroke mice and tested whether miR-126 enriched EPC-EXs (EPC-EXs miR126 ) have enhanced efficacy. Methods: The db/db mice subjected to ischemic stroke were intravenously administrated with EPC-EXs 2 hours after ischemic stroke. The infarct volume, cerebral microvascular density (MVD), cerebral blood flow (CBF), neurological function, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and levels of cleaved caspase-3, miR-126, and VEGFR2 were measured on day 2 and 14. Results: We found that (a) injected EPC-EXs merged with brain endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the peri-infarct area; (b) EPC-EXs miR126 were more effective than EPC-EXs in decreasing infarct size and increasing CBF and MVD, and in promoting angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well as neurological functional recovery; (c) These effects were accompanied with downregulated cleaved caspase-3 on day 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) upregulation till day 14. Conclusion: Our results indicate that enrichment of miR126 enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EPC-EXs on diabetic ischemic stroke by attenuating acute injury and promoting neurological function recovery

Neuroprotective effects of (Val8)GLP-1-Glu-PAL in the MPTP Parkinson's disease mouse model

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a hormone and a growth factor. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. They also have shown neuroprotective properties in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the GLP-1 mimetic exendin-4 has shown protective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), and a first clinical trial in PD patients showed promising results. (Val8)GLP-1-glu-PAL is a new GLP-1 analogue which has a longer biological half-life than exendin-4. We previously showed that (Val8)GLP-1-glu-PAL has neuroprotective properties. Here we tested the drug in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. MPTP was injected (30mg/kg i.p.) along with (Val8)GLP-1-glu-PAL (25nmol/kg i.p.) once-daily for 8 days. (Val8)GLP-1-glu-PAL showed good effects in preventing the MPTP-induced motor impairment (Rotarod, open field locomotion, swim test), reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase levels (dopamine synthesis) in the substantia nigra, a reduction of activated caspase 3 levels, of TUNEL positive cell numbers, of the pro-apoptotic signaling molecule BAX and an increase in the growth signaling molecule Bcl-2. The results demonstrate that (Val8)GLP-1-glu-PAL shows promise as a novel treatment of PD

Interannual sea level variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean from 1993 to 2006

Three net surface heat flux products, namely from 1) version 2 of Common Ocean Reference Experiment (CORE.2), 2) Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux), and 3) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational ocean analysis/reanalysis system (ECMWF ORA-S3), and three wind stress products, namely from I) CORE.2, 2) Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Reanalysis, version 2.1.6 (SODA 2.1.6), and 3) ECMWF ORA-S3 are used to investigate the abilities of four simple oceanic mechanisms in explaining the interannual variance of altimetry-derived sea surface height (SSH) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean over the period 1993-2006. It is found that local response to surface heating plays an important role in sea level rise along the western equatorial Pacific (150 degrees-180 degrees E). The dominant processes affecting interannual variability of observed SSH anomalies vary regionally in the tropical Pacific; local response to surface heating, local Ekman pumping, wind-induced first baroclinic mode Rossby waves and the eastern boundary forcing are all important. Both the local response to surface heating and the eastern boundary forcing are important in explaining the interannual variance of observed SSH anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific; while the dominant contribution to interannual sea level variability in the southeastern tropical Pacific is from the eastern boundary forcing, the local Ekman pumping plays a relatively minor role in the interannual SSH change there. The wind-induced first baroclinic mode Rossby waves dominate interannual SSH variability in the western tropical Pacific, excluding the area of 2 degrees-10 degrees N, west of 170 degrees E. Although a large part of the interannual sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific is related to the oceanic remote adjustment to wind stress forcing, the contributions of local responses to surface heating and wind forcing cannot be overlooked. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Three net surface heat flux products, namely from 1) version 2 of Common Ocean Reference Experiment (CORE.2), 2) Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes (OAFlux), and 3) the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational ocean analysis/reanalysis system (ECMWF ORA-S3), and three wind stress products, namely from I) CORE.2, 2) Simple Ocean Data Assimilation Reanalysis, version 2.1.6 (SODA 2.1.6), and 3) ECMWF ORA-S3 are used to investigate the abilities of four simple oceanic mechanisms in explaining the interannual variance of altimetry-derived sea surface height (SSH) anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean over the period 1993-2006. It is found that local response to surface heating plays an important role in sea level rise along the western equatorial Pacific (150 degrees-180 degrees E). The dominant processes affecting interannual variability of observed SSH anomalies vary regionally in the tropical Pacific; local response to surface heating, local Ekman pumping, wind-induced first baroclinic mode Rossby waves and the eastern boundary forcing are all important. Both the local response to surface heating and the eastern boundary forcing are important in explaining the interannual variance of observed SSH anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific; while the dominant contribution to interannual sea level variability in the southeastern tropical Pacific is from the eastern boundary forcing, the local Ekman pumping plays a relatively minor role in the interannual SSH change there. The wind-induced first baroclinic mode Rossby waves dominate interannual SSH variability in the western tropical Pacific, excluding the area of 2 degrees-10 degrees N, west of 170 degrees E. Although a large part of the interannual sea level variability in the western tropical Pacific is related to the oceanic remote adjustment to wind stress forcing, the contributions of local responses to surface heating and wind forcing cannot be overlooked. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Competitive Online Peak-Demand Minimization Using Energy Storage

We study the problem of online peak-demand minimization under energy storage constraints. It is motivated by an increasingly popular scenario where large-load customers utilize energy storage to reduce the peak procurement from the grid, which accounts for up to $90\%$ of their electric bills. The problem is uniquely challenging due to (i) the coupling of online decisions across time imposed by the inventory constraints and (ii) the noncumulative nature of the peak procurement. In this paper, we develop an optimal online algorithm for the problem, attaining the best possible competitive ratio (CR) among all deterministic and randomized algorithms. We show that the optimal CR can be computed in polynomial time, by solving a linear number of linear-fractional problems. More importantly, we generalize our approach to develop an \emph{anytime-optimal} online algorithm that achieves the best possible CR at any epoch, given the inputs and online decisions so far. The algorithm retains the optimal worst-case performance and achieves adaptive average-case performance. Simulation results based on real-world traces show that, under typical settings, our algorithms improve peak reduction by over $19\%$ as compared to baseline alternatives

Moderate Exercise Enhances Endothelial Progenitor Cell Exosomes Release and Function

Purpose: Exercise has cardiovascular benefits which might be related to endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Meanwhile, there is evidence suggesting that EPC-derived exosomes (EPC-EX) promote vascular repair and angiogenesis through their carried microRNA (miR)-126. In this study, we investigated whether exercise could increase the levels of circulating EPC-EX and their miR-126 cargo, and by which promote the protective function of EPC-EX on endothelial cells (EC). Methods: Plasma EPC-EX from sedentary, low, or moderate exercise mice, respectively, denoted as EPC-EXS, EPC-EXL, and EPC-EXM, were isolated using microbead-based sorting techniques and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assessments of biomarkers and miR-126. High glucose (25 mM) with hypoxia (1% O2) was used for inducing an EC injury model. The injured EC were treated by coculturing with vehicle, EPC-EXS, EPC-EXL, EPC-EXM, or EPC-EXM + anti–miR-126. After that, EC were used for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis, assessments of tube formation and migration, and measurements of miR-126 level and its downstream sprouty-related protein-1 (SPRED1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: 1) Isolated EPC-EX positively expressed exosomal markers (CD63 and Tsg101) and EPC markers (CD34 and VEGFR2). 2) Exercise intensity dependently elevated plasma level of EPC, EPC-EX/EPC ratio, and miR-126 expression in EPC and EPC-EX. 3) Injured EC displayed apoptosis increment, angiogenic dysfunction and miR-126 reduction. 4) EPC-EXM had better effects than EPC-EXS and EPC-EXL on alleviating those changes of injured EC, accompanied with SPRED1 downregulation and VEGF upregulation. 5) The effects of EPC-EXM were abolished by miR-126 knockdown. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that exercise can increase EPC-EX release and miR-126 level and enhance the effects of EPC-EX on protecting EC against injury through the SPRED1/VEGF pathway

An Integrated Approach for Assessing Aquatic Ecological Carrying Capacity: A Case Study of Wujin District in the Tai Lake Basin, China

Aquatic ecological carrying capacity is an effective method for analyzing sustainable development in regional water management. In this paper, an integrated approach is employed for assessing the aquatic ecological carrying capacity of Wujin District in the Tai Lake Basin, China. An indicator system is established considering social and economic development as well as ecological resilience perspectives. While calculating the ecological index, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series images, followed by spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation cover. Finally, multi-index assessment of aquatic ecological carrying capacity is carried out for the period 2000 to 2008, including both static and dynamic variables. The results reveal that aquatic ecological carrying capacity presents a slight upward trend in the past decade and the intensity of human activities still exceeded the aquatic ecological carrying capacity in 2008. In terms of human activities, population has decreased, GDP has quadrupled, and fertilizer application and industrial wastewater discharge have declined greatly in the past decade. The indicators representing aquatic ecosystem conditions have the lowest scores, which are primarily attributed to the water eutrophication problem. Yet the terrestrial ecosystem is assessed to be in better condition since topographic backgrounds and landscape diversity are at higher levels. Based on the work carried out, it is suggested that pollutant emission be controlled to improve water quality and agricultural development around Ge Lake (the largest lake in Wujin District) be reduced