A regioselective and common synthetic method of dihalogenoindoles and its application for the total syntheses of marine alkaloids, 4,6-dibromo-,4,6-dibromo-2-methyl-, and 3,4,5-tribromoindole

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生理活性物質科学金沢大学薬学

Changes in pulse waveforms in response to intraocular pressure elevation determined by laser speckle flowgraphy in healthy subjects

Background: The influences of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations on the pulse waveform in the optic nerve head (ONH) were evaluated using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in normal subjects. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Nagoya University Hospital. An ophthalmodynamometer was pressed on the sclera to increase the IOP by 20 mmHg or 30 mmHg for 1 min (experiment 1, 16 subjects) and by 30 mmHg for 10 min (experiment 2, 10 subjects). The mean blur rate (MBR) and the eight pulse waveform parameters determined using LSFG were measured before, immediately after and during an IOP elevation, and after the IOP returned to the baseline pressure. Results: A significant elevation in the IOP and a significant reduction in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were found after applying the ophthalmodynamometer (both, P < 0.001). The blowout score (BOS) reduced significantly (P < 0.001), and the flow acceleration index (FAI; P < 0.01) and resistivity index (RI; P < 0.001) increased significantly immediately after increasing the IOP by 20 or 30 mmHg (experiment 1). The BOS reduced significantly (P < 0.001), and the FAI (P < 0.01) and RI (P < 0.001) increased significantly after the IOP elevation by 30 mmHg in both experiment 2 and 1. However, the BOS and RI recovered significantly at time 10 compared to that in time 0 (immediately after IOP elevation) during the 10-min IOP elevation (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, the BOS, FAI, and RI of the pulse waveforms changed significantly with an acute elevation in the IOP. The change should be related to the larger difference between the maximum and minimum MBRs during the IOP elevation

Immunohistochemical analyses of parathyroid hormone-dependent downregulation of renal type II Na-Pi cotransporters by cryobiopsy

The “in vivo cryotechnique” (IVCT) is a new method of morphological analysis which has the advantage of freezing tissues in living animals without stopping their blood circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on renal type II Na-Pi transporters (NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc) and ”cryobiopsy” (CB) using special cryoforceps as a simple method of the IVCT. The kidney tissues were biopsied at various time points after PTH administration by CB using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. By hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining the kidney tissues, well-frozen areas without visible ice crystals were obtained in the tissue surface areas, and the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubules was well preserved at a light microscopic level. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed that PTH downregulated NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc at the BBM, being controlled by a different mechanism. In this method, the PTHinduced internalization of NaPi-IIc from microvilli to subapical compartments was not observed in the tissue preparations. NaPi-IIc protein appears to be degraded in microvilli of the proximal tubular cells after the injection of PTH. We suggest that CB using liquid nitrogen is useful to investigate renal type II Na-Pi transporters at the light microscopic level

Critical Examination of a Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy for the Development of Art Education Curriculum

This paper is aimed at developing Art Education Taxonomy Table through critically examining a revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives contrived by Anderson and Krathwohl. First, the overview of the history of Bloom's Taxonomy is provided in relation to art education. Second, the influence of Bloom's theory of educational evaluation and Taxonomy on the classroom practice of art education in Japan is discussed. Third, aiming at using for the development of art education curriculum at Mihara Elementary School and Junior High School attached to Hiroshima University, Art Education Taxonomy Table is constructed and its characteristics are specified in relation to the research theme of Mihara Educational Institution

Developing art and handicraft lessons to cultivate elementary and junior high school children's aesthetic feelings : Application of the new bloom's taxonomy to art education

本研究の目的は,表現や鑑賞の活動を通して,他者とかかわりながら,生涯を通じて創造的に生きるために必要な美意識を育むために,発達段階に応じたポートフォリオ評価法の活用や,タキソノミーを参考にした評価指標の作成を基にした実践研究を行うものである。題材開発においては,題材ごとにタキソノミーテーブルを基にした具体的な目標を設定して実践を行った。また,昨年度より引き続いてポートフォリオ評価法を取り入れて児童・生徒が自己の学習を振り返ったり,学習を進めていくのに活用したりできるように指導を行った。 指導後のアンケート結果より,図画工作科が好きだという児童が増えた。また,道具や用具を適切に使えるという児童も増えた。一方で認知領域やメタ認知領域では自己評価が下がっている。要因としては,ポートフォリオ評価法で積み重ねた資料を授業の中でうまく活用しきれなかったことが考えられる。今後は,ポートフォリオ評価法の改善やタキソノミーテーブルをもとにした題材ごとの具体的な目標の改善を図るとともに児童・生徒の変容の分析を継続し,美意識を育む指導のあり方を追究していく