Multi-layered reasoning by means of conceptual fuzzy sets

The real world consists of a very large number of instances of events and continuous numeric values. On the other hand, people represent and process their knowledge in terms of abstracted concepts derived from generalization of these instances and numeric values. Logic based paradigms for knowledge representation use symbolic processing both for concept representation and inference. Their underlying assumption is that a concept can be defined precisely. However, as this assumption hardly holds for natural concepts, it follows that symbolic processing cannot deal with such concepts. Thus symbolic processing has essential problems from a practical point of view of applications in the real world. In contrast, fuzzy set theory can be viewed as a stronger and more practical notation than formal, logic based theories because it supports both symbolic processing and numeric processing, connecting the logic based world and the real world. In this paper, we propose multi-layered reasoning by using conceptual fuzzy sets (CFS). The general characteristics of CFS are discussed along with upper layer supervision and context dependent processing

Spin effects in single-electron transport through carbon nanotube quantum dots

We investigate the total spin in an individual single-wall carbon nanotube quantum dot with various numbers of electrons in a shell by using the ratio of the saturation currents of the first steps of Coulomb staircases for positive and negative biases. The current ratio reflects the total-spin transition that is increased or decreased when the dot is connected to strongly asymmetric tunnel barriers. Our results indicate that total spin states with and without magnetic fields can be traced by this method.Comment: 5pages, 5figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Morphology control and interlayer pillaring of swellable Na-taeniolite mica crystals

Na-taeniolite (NaMg2LiSi4O10F2) mica crystals were synthesized from nonstoichiometric raw batches containing NaCl as a flux, in order to control the morphology of mica crystals. Swellable Na-taeniolite was obtainable from both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric batches although small amounts of different products were coprecipitated, depending on the composition of the raw batches. Samples obtained from raw batches containing <= 1 mol NaCl consisted of a single-phase swellable mica. The addition of a small amount of NaCl was effective in controlling the morphology of the mica crystals. Raw batches containing 1 mol NaCl yielded mica crystals having a hexagonal, plate-like morphology with a larger aspect ratio. Alumina-pillared micas prepared from host micas thus obtained from raw batches containing NaCl had larger specific surface areas than those obtained from stoichiometric batches. This suggests that the swellability of mica crystals is also affected by the addition of NaCl.ArticleMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS. 177(7):524-527 (2012)journal articl

Thermal transformation and ionic conductivity of ammonium ion-exchanger prepared from Na-4-mica

Ammonium ion exchange of Na-4-mica and thermal transformation of the ion-exchanger were investigated and the conductivities of the heated ion-exchangers were estimated. More than 95.4% of Na+ ions in the interlayer of the Na-4-mica could be substituted by NH4+ ions after repeating ion exchange four times. Almost of NH4+ ions remained in the interlayer at 700 degrees C and they were completely decomposed into protons at 900 degrees C. The conductivities of the ion-exchangers heated at 700-900 degrees C were 10(-7)-10(-6) S/cm at 700 degrees C. The conduction mechanism of the ion-exchangers heated at 700 and 800 degrees C was NH4+ ion migration in the interlayer and that of the ion-exchanger heated at 900 degrees C was proton migration. However, the contribution of residual Na+ ions to the conduction cannot be excluded. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.ArticleMaterials Science and Engineering: B. 173(1-3):271-274 (2010)journal articl

Influence of Cu2O Addition on Crystallization Process and Microstructure of Transparent Mica Glass-Ceramics

ArticleKey Engineering Materials. 617: 209-212 (2014)journal articl