Accurate renormalization group analyses in neutrino sector

We investigate accurate renormalization group analyses in neutrino sector between $\nu$-oscillation and seesaw energy scales. We consider decoupling effects of top quark and Higgs boson on the renormalization group equations of light neutrino mass matrix. Since the decoupling effects are given in the standard model scale and independent of high energy physics, our method can basically apply to any models beyond the standard model. We find that the decoupling effects of Higgs boson are negligible, while those of top quark are not. Particularly, the decoupling effects of top quark affect neutrino mass eigenvalues, which are important for analyzing predictions such as mass squared differences and neutrinoless double beta decay in an underlying theory existing at high energy scale.Comment: 20 pages, 21 figures, version accepted for publication in NPB. Typos and all figures in Sec.3 corrected, references added, new subsection (Sec.2.2) adde

Mechanism of Cloud Cavitation Generation on a 2-D Hydrofoil

When a sheet cavity on a hydrofoil section attains a certain size, it starts violent periodical oscillation shedding a harmful cloud cavity downstream at each oscillation cycle. This phenomenon is due to the occurrence of the re-entrant jet. In this paper, the behavior of the re-entrant jet was observed in detail using a transparent foil section model and a high-speed video camera. Time variation of pressure distribution on the foil was measured simultaneously. It was found that the re-entrant jet can start at any point in sheet cavity elongating stage. Even two re-entrant jets can appear in one cycle. When a re-entrant jet is generated upstream, the jet velocity is lower compared to the case when a re-entrant jet is generated downstream. The jet velocity is almost constant at the value determined by the location of the generation. As a result, the cavity oscillation cycle becomes constant when it is normalized by the sheet cavity surface velocity and the maximum sheet cavity length. The jet velocity is calculated from the pressure gradient at the sheet cavity T.E., using a simple theoretical model. The calculated jet velocity agrees with the measurement, showing that the jet velocity increases as its generation point shifts downstream. It is possible that pressure gradient at the sheet cavity T.E. is the driving force of re-entrant jet

Gravitational effects on vanishing Higgs potential at the Planck scale

We investigate gravitational effects on the so-called multiple point criticality principle (MPCP) at the Planck scale. The MPCP requires two degenerate vacua, whose necessary conditions are expressed by vanishing Higgs quartic coupling $\lambda(M_{\rm Pl})=0$ and vanishing its $\beta$ function $\beta_\lambda(M_{\rm Pl})=0$. We discuss a case that a specific form of gravitational corrections are assumed to contribute to $\beta$ functions of coupling constants although it is accepted that gravitational corrections do not alter the running of the standard model (SM) couplings. To satisfy the above two boundary conditions at the Planck scale, we find that the top pole mass and the Higgs mass should be $170.8\,{\rm GeV} \lesssim M_t\lesssim 171.7\,{\rm GeV}$ and $M_h=125.7\pm0.4\,{\rm GeV}$, respectively, as well as include suitable magnitude of gravitational effects (a coefficient of gravitational contribution as $|a_\lambda| > 2$). In this case, however, since the Higgs quartic coupling $\lambda$ becomes negative below the Planck scale, two vacua are not degenerate. We find that $M_h \gtrsim 131.5\,{\rm GeV}$ with $M_t \gtrsim 174\,{\rm GeV}$ is required by the realization of the MPCP. Therefore, the MPCP at the Planck scale cannot be realized in the SM and also the SM with gravity since $M_h \gtrsim 131.5\,{\rm GeV}$ is experimentally ruled out.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in PRD: typo corrected, references adde

Country Report: Japan; Defense Planning in Transition

Since the 2000s, Japan has worked to strengthen and sharpen its defense strategy and readiness to better deal with the increasingly challenging Indo-Pacific security environment. The developments to date have allowed the Japan Self-Defense Force (JSDF) to become a more effective and proactive force, but the threats posed by China, North Korea, and Russia have also increased dramatically in recent years, calling for new measures expected to be unveiled in Japan's new National Security Strategy (NSS) and National Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG) in late 2022

Hierarchy problem, gauge coupling unification at the Planck scale, and vacuum stability

From the point of view of the gauge hierarchy problem, introducing an intermediate scale in addition to TeV scale and the Planck scale ($M_{\rm Pl} = 2.4 \times 10^{18}\,{\rm GeV}$) is unfavorable. In that way, a gauge coupling unification (GCU) is expected to be realized at $M_{\rm Pl}$. We explore possibilities of GCU at $M_{\rm Pl}$ by adding a few extra particles with TeV scale mass into the standard model (SM). When extra particles are fermions and scalars (only fermions) with the same mass, the GCU at $M_{\rm Pl}$ can (not) be realized. On the other hand, when extra fermions have different masses, the GCU can be realized around $\sqrt{8 \pi} M_{\rm Pl}$ without extra scalars. This simple SM extension has two advantages that a vacuum becomes stable up to $M_{\rm Pl}$ ($\sqrt{8 \pi} M_{\rm Pl}$) and a proton lifetime becomes much longer than an experimental bound.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. Published version in NPB. Abstract and Introduction are revise

Colonic Paneth cell metaplasia is pre-neoplastic condition of colonic cancer or not?

BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer has been accepted by a model for a cascade of genetic alterations, named the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In order to elucidate the carcinogenesis of the colorectal cancer more clearly, the genetic abnormalies of the non-neoplastic mucosal epithelium of the colon and rectum should be investigated. It has been speculated that colonic Paneth cell metaplasia (PaM) is one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa of colonic cancer. Therefore, we studied the propria mucosa of the right colon with PaM from the standpoints of the frequency of the K-ras codon 12 mutations (K-ras), which is initial genetic abnormality in colorectal cancer, and the loss of heterozygosity of microsatellite markers (LOH-MS), which has a relationship to development of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Fifty-two regions with PaM histopathologically from 12 surgically resected right colon specimens were studied. DNA extraction of the colonic mucosa with PaM was obtained using a microdissection method, and the frequency of the K-ras of PaM was investigated by enriched polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked mini-sequence assay, and the frequency of the LOH-MS (D2S123, D17S250 and D5S346) of PaM was examined by high resolution fluorescenced labeled PCR primers. RESULTS: K-ras mutation was detected in fifteen regions among 52 PaM (28.9%). All mutations were a single mutation and GGT changed to AGT in eleven and GAT in four. LOH-MS were detected in twenty-one regions among 52 PaM (40.4%) (D2S123: 35.4%, 17/48 regions, D17S250: 13.7%, 7/51 regions, and D5S346: 0%, 0/52 regions). No K-ras mutations and LOH-MS were detected in the controls (Colorectal mucosa with no PaM). CONCLUSIONS: Colonic mucosa with Paneth cell metaplasia may be one of the pre-neoplastic mucosa in the development of the colonic epithelial neoplasia