29 research outputs found
Structure-Property Relationship of Amyloidogenic Prion Nanofibrils
The structure and its property for the prion nanofibrils, which exhibit self-assembled steric zipper, amyloid fibrils, are described in this chapter. There is the belief of origin for the infectiousness of the prion can be its molecular structure. It is due to the amyloid toxicity, which is related to its beta sheet rich molecular structure and self-aggregated long fibrils. There is evidence that the difference between PrPc and PrPsc is transitioned beta sheet from alpha helix to self-assemble and then to the amyloidogenic fibrils. Therefore, the scope of this chapter is the amyloidogenic structural characteristics of prion fibrils and its relationship to the property. The molecular structural characteristics can be changed by properties such as affinity, toxicity, infectivity, and so on, so this is a key factor to understand the origin of prion disease and develop the therapeutic strategy. One of the main properties of amyloid fibrils that we want to describe here is mechanical property such as dynamic property and material property for prion nanofibrils. This chapter can shed light on understanding the infectious characteristics of prion and the relationship of its molecular structures
6MapNet: Representing soccer players from tracking data by a triplet network
Although the values of individual soccer players have become astronomical,
subjective judgments still play a big part in the player analysis. Recently,
there have been new attempts to quantitatively grasp players' styles using
video-based event stream data. However, they have some limitations in
scalability due to high annotation costs and sparsity of event stream data. In
this paper, we build a triplet network named 6MapNet that can effectively
capture the movement styles of players using in-game GPS data. Without any
annotation of soccer-specific actions, we use players' locations and velocities
to generate two types of heatmaps. Our subnetworks then map these heatmap pairs
into feature vectors whose similarity corresponds to the actual similarity of
playing styles. The experimental results show that players can be accurately
identified with only a small number of matches by our method.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, In 8th Workshop on Machine Learning and Data
Mining for Sports Analytics (MLSA21
Ball Trajectory Inference from Multi-Agent Sports Contexts Using Set Transformer and Hierarchical Bi-LSTM
As artificial intelligence spreads out to numerous fields, the application of
AI to sports analytics is also in the spotlight. However, one of the major
challenges is the difficulty of automated acquisition of continuous movement
data during sports matches. In particular, it is a conundrum to reliably track
a tiny ball on a wide soccer pitch with obstacles such as occlusion and
imitations. Tackling the problem, this paper proposes an inference framework of
ball trajectory from player trajectories as a cost-efficient alternative to
ball tracking. We combine Set Transformers to get permutation-invariant and
equivariant representations of the multi-agent contexts with a hierarchical
architecture that intermediately predicts the player ball possession to support
the final trajectory inference. Also, we introduce the reality loss term and
postprocessing to secure the estimated trajectories to be physically realistic.
The experimental results show that our model provides natural and accurate
trajectories as well as admissible player ball possession at the same time.
Lastly, we suggest several practical applications of our framework including
missing trajectory imputation, semi-automated pass annotation, automated
zoom-in for match broadcasting, and calculating possession-wise running
performance metrics
Discovery of a Supercluster at z ~ 0.91 and Testing the ΛCDM Cosmological Model
The ΛCDM cosmological model successfully reproduces many aspects of the galaxy and structure formation of the universe. However, the growth of large-scale structures (LSSs) in the early universe is not well tested yet with observational data. Here, we have utilized wide and deep optical–near-infrared data in order to search for distant galaxy clusters and superclusters (0.8 < z < 1.2). From the spectroscopic observation with the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Magellan telescope, three massive clusters at z ~ 0.91 are confirmed in the SSA22 field. Interestingly, all of them have similar redshifts within Δ z ~ 0.01 with velocity dispersions ranging from 470 to 1300 km s−1. Moreover, as the maximum separation is ~15 Mpc, they compose a supercluster at z ~ 0.91, meaning that this is one of the most massive superclusters at this redshift to date. The galaxy density map implies that the confirmed clusters are embedded in a larger structure stretching over ~100 Mpc. ΛCDM models predict about one supercluster like this in our surveyed volume, consistent with our finding so far. However, there are more supercluster candidates in this field, suggesting that additional studies are required to determine if the ΛCDM cosmological model can successfully reproduce the LSSs at high redshift