タイキ オセン ボウシ タイサク トシテノ ジドウシャ リュウニュウ キセイ ジョウレイ ノ ブンセキ ト ヒョウカ

This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the prefectural ordinances (Metropolitan Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba, Kanagawa, Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures) against driving the motor vehicles which are not satisfied with the emission standards of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and/or particulate matter (PM), in comparison with the Law Concerning Special Measures for Total Emission Reduction of NOx and PM. And, it was found out that the effect of the Metropolitan Tokyo\u27s ordinance was remarkable for the attainment of ambient air quality standard on suspended particulate matter (SPM), and a similar improvement was also observed in Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa Prefectures. Some differences of the regulation systems among the prefectures were explained by their environmental situations and social situations

チイキ レンケイ ニヨル ショネンジ キョウイク プログラム ノ ジッセンテキ ケンキュウ : ガクセイ ニヨル チイキ プロモーションビデオ セイサク

This research aims to develop a new program for first year education with a view to cultivating students\u27 abilities to work in groups, to conduct case studies, and to analyze and present their findings in a creative way. In this program, each group was assigned a case study of an NPO in Himeji area. Five or six students work in a group and conduct research on the target organization. They interviewed NPO workers and participate in social activities to deepen their understanding of the organization. In the end, each group shared the result of the study through powerpoint presentations and short films. Survey was conducted to analyze the responses of both students and local NPO workers to this educational experiment. The survey shows that this program contributed developing students\u27 interests in social activities. NPO workers also evaluated this attempt positively as an approach to co-develop project-based learning that could offer merits both for students and NPOs

近畿における二酸化炭素排出量の算定

The emission of carbon dioxide from the Kinki area (Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara and Wakayama prefectures) was estimated for 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2001. The amounts of carbon dioxide emitted from the Kinki area were 151 million tons CO_2 in 1990, 155 million tons in 1995, 152 million tons in 2000, and 148 million tons in 2001, which corresponded to 12-14 % of the total emission amounts of Japan. In 2001, the Kinki area has attained a lower emission rate of carbon dioxide than that in 1990 for the first time. The industrial sector accounted for around 40% of the carbon dioxide emission from the area, which consistently decreased during the time. The emissions from the energy conversion sector and industrial processes were almost the same, too. However, the emission from transportation had been increasing

クリーン開発メカニズム(CDM)の環境保全効果に関する研究

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows an Annex I Party of the Kyoto Protocol to implement a project that reduces greenhouse gas emission in the territory of a non-Annex I Party, and the resulting certified emission reductions (CER) can then be used by the Annex I Party to help meet its emission reduction target. As of October 1st, 2005, 25 CDM projects have been registered, and 13 projects are under the registration process. Among them, 13 projects are related with hydogeneration, followed by 9 landfill gas projects and 5 biomass projects. Although, 79% of the emission reductions are derived from the chemical industry, then 14% being from landfill gas capture projects. An analysis on the present production capacities of HCFC and adipic acid in non-Annex I Parties suggests that the emission reductions due to the chemical industry can attain 45 million metric tonnes CO2 equivalent/year at the maximum, and almost the half being developed in CDM project plans, which means that the expected emission reductions due to the chemical industry have a cetain limitation. Then, it is forecasted that the number of registered CDM projects will reach 150 in 2008, and the total amount of CER attaining around 30 million metric tonnes CO2 equivalent/year, which corresponds to 2% of the greenhouse gases emission amount of Japan at the base year

Predictive Value of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index for Cardiovascular Events in Patients at Cardiovascular Risk

BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events; however, indexes for measuring arterial stiffness have not been widely incorporated into routine clinical practice. This study aimed to determine whether the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), based on the blood pressure-independent stiffness parameter beta and reflecting arterial stiffness from the origin of the ascending aorta, is a good predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a large prospective cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: This multicenter prospective cohort study, commencing in May 2013, with a 5-year follow-up period, included patients (aged 40-74 years) with cardiovascular disease risks. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Among 2932 included patients, 2001 (68.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 63 (8) years. During the median follow-up of 4.9 years, 82 participants experienced primary outcomes. The CAVI predicted the primary outcome (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65; P CONCLUSIONS: This large cohort study demonstrated that the CAVI predicted cardiovascular events