EMT of ARPE-19 cells induced by TGF-β1.

<p>ARPE-19 cells were grown on glass coverslips for 24 hr, starved for 24 hr, and then incubated for 24 hr, 48 hr, 72 hr with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1. Compared with control cells (A, E, I, M, Q), stimulated cells displayed an altered mesenchymal morphology by phase-contrast microscopy (B, C, D), with decreasing expression of E-cadherin (F, G, H) and ZO-1 (J, K, L) and an increasing expression of fibronectin (N, O, P) and α-SMA (R, S, T) by immunofluorescence microscopy. The green signal represents the staining of corresponding protein, and the red signal represents the nuclei staining by DAPI. Original magnifications 100× (A–D); 400× (E–T).</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of 109 patients with diabetic retinopathy.

<p>DR, diabetic retinopathy; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; DM, diabetes mellitus; NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DME, diabetic macular edema.</p><p>Demographic and clinical characteristics of 109 patients with diabetic retinopathy.</p

Predictors of time trade-off and rating scale utility values from diabetic retinopathy patients and ophthalmologists, determined by bivariate analyses.

<p>DR, diabetic retinopathy; TTO, time trade-off; RS, rating scale; DME, diabetic macular edema.</p><p>*Pearson correlation coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.</p><p>Predictors of time trade-off and rating scale utility values from diabetic retinopathy patients and ophthalmologists, determined by bivariate analyses.</p

The properties of the three newly identified peptides.

<p>The properties of the three newly identified peptides.</p

Comparison of the time trade-off and rating scale utility values from patients and ophthalmologists.

<p>TTO, time trade-off; RS, rating scale; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval.</p><p>* <i>p</i> value comparing the TTO and SG methods within each visual group using the paired two-tailed Student’s t test.</p><p>Comparison of the time trade-off and rating scale utility values from patients and ophthalmologists.</p

Comparison of the patients’ and ophthalmologists’ utility values using time trade-off and rating scale methods.

<p>TTO, time trade-off; RS, rating scale.</p><p>*t and <i>p</i> value comparing patients’ and ophthalmologists’ utility values within each visual group using the paired two-tailed Student’s t test.</p><p>Comparison of the patients’ and ophthalmologists’ utility values using time trade-off and rating scale methods.</p

The effects of PAPep on protein leakage and cellular infiltration into the aqueous humor during EIU.

<p>The rats were treated with vehicle (PBS), PAPS (10 µg/eye), PAPep (1, 5, 10 µg/eye) or dexamethasone (10 µg/eye) 1 h before LPS (200 µg) injection. Protein levels (A) and cell count (B) were assessed in the AqH 24 h after EIU. Data are expressed as mean±SD (n = 8 per group). ##, P<0.01 compared with control group; **, P<0.01 compared with vehicle-treated group. Dex, dexamethasone.</p

Western blot analysis of protein levels of NF-κB p65.

<p>(A) The total and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by Western blot in ICB and retina complex of EIU rats for indicated periods. Lane 1: control; lane 2: LPS and vehicle; lane 3: LPS and PAPS (10 µg/eye); lane 4: LPS and PAPep (10 µg/eye). (B) RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with PAPep (1, 10, 50 µM) or PAPS (50 µM) for 1 h, then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for 30 min. Total and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by Western blot. Lane 1: control; lane 2: LPS; lane 3: LPS and 50 µM PAPS; lane 4: LPS and 1 µM PAPep; lane 5: LPS and 10 µM PAPep; lane 6: LPS and 50 µM PAPep. (C) HUVEC were incubated with PAPep (1, 10, 50 µM) or PAPS (50 µM) for 1 h, then stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 30 min. Total and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 was analyzed by Western blot. Lane 1: control; lane 2: TNF-α; lane 3: TNF-α and 50 µM PAPS; lane 4: TNF-α and 1 µM PAPep; lane 5: TNF-α and 10 µM PAPep; lane 6: TNF-α and 50 µM PAPep. ##, P<0.01 compared with control group, **, P<0.01 compared with LPS or TNF-α group. Data are expressed as mean±SD of three independent experiments, each performed in duplicates.</p

Migration after Snail knockdown in ARPE19 cells with or without TGF-β1 treatment.

<p>(A) Cells transfected with control-shRNA or Snail-shRNA were allowed to migrate transwell chambers for 18 hr in the presence or absence of TGF-β1. After 18 hr, the migrated cells were fixed, stained, and photographed. (B) The number of migrated cells. Data shown represent the average of three independent experiments. *P<0.05, compared with control-shRNA, TGF-β1(−) samples and control-shRNA, TGF-β1(+) samples.</p

Preoperative socieodemographic, clinical, CLVQOL and self-rated satisfaction data, and primary surgery data of 140 eligible RRD patients^*.

<p>*CLVQOL: Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire, RRD: rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, BCVA: best corrected visual acuity, SD: standard deviation.</p