Structural properties of lecithin based reverse hexagonal (H_II) liquid crystals and in vitro release of dihydromyricetin

<p>Dihydromyricetin (DMY) was encapsulated to lecithin based reverse hexagonal (H_II) liquid crystals to improve its solubility limitation. PEG 400 was used as the representative oil phase. The H_II mesophases were identified by means of polarized light microscopy (POM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The DMY was solubilized in interface layer inferred from the increase of the interfacial area of per surfactant <i>a</i>_s and the infrared spectra. The hexagonal samples showed highly elastic Maxwell properties and shear thinning properties indicated by their rheological spectra. Moreover with the decrease of PEG 400 content, the internal structure of samples apparently becomes more stable, as indicated by the increase in the storage and loss moduli and the decrease in <i>a</i>_s. Oleic acid enhances the viscoelasticity of sample and increases the release stability for DMY under acidic conditions. The in vitro release of DMY in H_II matrices showed that carriers have an ideal sustained release effect. The release of DMY was controlled by concentration diffusion.</p

Surface properties, micellar molecular interaction, and physical properties for binary systems of sodium oleate with three anionic surfactants

<p>The mixed micellization of the anionic surfactant sodium oleate (NaOL) and three anionic surfactants (NaDC, AOT, SDS) of different structures in 0.01 mol/L NaCl solution was investigated by surface tension measurement at different temperatures. All the investigated mixtures exhibited nonideal behaviors as the experimental critical micelle concentration (<i>CMC</i>) values were less than the values calculated by using the Clint’s equation. Negative β^m values calculated by using Rubingh’s equation and |ln(<i>CMC</i>₁/<i>CMC</i>₂)| < |β^m| proved synergism in the three systems of higher α_NaOL or lower <i>α</i>_NaOL. An interesting phenomenon of double inflection points was observed for pure NaOL and mixtures of high <i>α</i>_NaOL. The negative Δ<i>G</i>⁰_m values for the mixed systems imply that the micelle formations are spontaneous process. The NaOL/NaDC system was also studied in buffer solution (pH 8, 12) at 30°C which also exhibited nonideal behavior. Synergism existed at pH 12 but not at pH 8 for the NaOL/NaDC system. It is noteworthy that there were no double inflection points for NaOL/NaDC system in buffer solution (pH 8, 12). Krafft point and calcium stability data show that these three anionic surfactants can improve the water solubility and hard-water resistance of soap.</p

Fish Oil Ameliorates Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice by Restoring Colonic Microbiota, Metabolic Profiles, and Immune Homeostasis

The effect of fish oil (FO) on colonic function, immunity, and microbiota was investigated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp)-infected C57BL/6J mice. Mice intragastrically presupplemented with FO (4.0 mg) significantly reduced Vp infection as evidenced by stabilizing body weight and reducing disease activity index score and immune organ ratios. FO minimized colonic pathological damage, strengthened the mucosal barrier, and sustained epithelial permeability by increasing epithelial crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and tight junctions and inhibiting colonic collagen accumulation and fibrosis protein expression. Mechanistically, FO enhanced immunity by decreasing colonic CD3+ T cells, increasing CD4+ T cells, downregulating the TLR4 pathway, reducing interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increasing immune cytokine IL-4 and interferon-γ levels. Additionally, FO maintained colonic microbiota eubiosis by improving microbial diversity and boosting Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Roseburia growth and their derived propionic acid and butyric acid levels. Collectively, FO alleviated Vp infection by enriching beneficial colonic microbiota and metabolites and restoring immune homeostasis

Fish Oil Ameliorates Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice by Restoring Colonic Microbiota, Metabolic Profiles, and Immune Homeostasis

The effect of fish oil (FO) on colonic function, immunity, and microbiota was investigated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp)-infected C57BL/6J mice. Mice intragastrically presupplemented with FO (4.0 mg) significantly reduced Vp infection as evidenced by stabilizing body weight and reducing disease activity index score and immune organ ratios. FO minimized colonic pathological damage, strengthened the mucosal barrier, and sustained epithelial permeability by increasing epithelial crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and tight junctions and inhibiting colonic collagen accumulation and fibrosis protein expression. Mechanistically, FO enhanced immunity by decreasing colonic CD3+ T cells, increasing CD4+ T cells, downregulating the TLR4 pathway, reducing interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increasing immune cytokine IL-4 and interferon-γ levels. Additionally, FO maintained colonic microbiota eubiosis by improving microbial diversity and boosting Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Roseburia growth and their derived propionic acid and butyric acid levels. Collectively, FO alleviated Vp infection by enriching beneficial colonic microbiota and metabolites and restoring immune homeostasis

Fish Oil Ameliorates Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Mice by Restoring Colonic Microbiota, Metabolic Profiles, and Immune Homeostasis

The effect of fish oil (FO) on colonic function, immunity, and microbiota was investigated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp)-infected C57BL/6J mice. Mice intragastrically presupplemented with FO (4.0 mg) significantly reduced Vp infection as evidenced by stabilizing body weight and reducing disease activity index score and immune organ ratios. FO minimized colonic pathological damage, strengthened the mucosal barrier, and sustained epithelial permeability by increasing epithelial crypt depth, goblet cell numbers, and tight junctions and inhibiting colonic collagen accumulation and fibrosis protein expression. Mechanistically, FO enhanced immunity by decreasing colonic CD3+ T cells, increasing CD4+ T cells, downregulating the TLR4 pathway, reducing interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increasing immune cytokine IL-4 and interferon-γ levels. Additionally, FO maintained colonic microbiota eubiosis by improving microbial diversity and boosting Clostridium, Akkermansia, and Roseburia growth and their derived propionic acid and butyric acid levels. Collectively, FO alleviated Vp infection by enriching beneficial colonic microbiota and metabolites and restoring immune homeostasis