Involvement of Human Papillomaviruses in Cervical Cancer

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the first viruses to have been acknowledged to prompt carcinogenesis, and they are linked with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumors, and head and neck malignancies. This paper examines the structure and primary genomic attributes of HPV and highlights the clinical participation of the primary HPV serotypes, focusing on the roles that HPV-16 and 18 play in carcinogenesis. The mechanisms that take place in the progression of cervical neoplasia are described. The oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 disrupt control of the cell cycle by their communication with p53 and retinoblastoma protein. Epidemiological factors, diagnostic tools, and management of the disease are examined in this manuscript, as are the vaccines currently marketed to protect against viral infection. We offer insights into ongoing research on the roles that oxidative stress and microRNAs play in cervical carcinogenesis since such studies may lead to novel methods of diagnosis and treatment. Several of these topics are surfacing as being critical for future study. One particular area of importance is the study of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of infection and cancer development at cervical sites. HPV-induced cancers may be vulnerable to immune therapy, offering the chance to treat advanced cervical disease. We propose that oxidative stress, mRNA, and the mechanisms of HPV infection will be critical points for HPV cancer research over the next decade

The Development of Biomimetic Spherical Hydroxyapatite/Polyamide 66 Biocomposites as Bone Repair Materials

A novel biomedical material composed of spherical hydroxyapatite (s-HA) and polyamide 66 (PA) biocomposite (s-HA/PA) was prepared, and its composition, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility were characterized and evaluated. The results showed that HA distributed uniformly in the s-HA/PA matrix. Strong molecule interactions and chemical bonds were presented between the s-HA and PA in the composites confirmed by IR and XRD. The composite had excellent compressive strength in the range between 95 and 132 MPa, close to that of natural bone. In vitro experiments showed the s-HA/PA composite could improve cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, the developed s-HA/PA composites in this study might be used for tissue engineering and bone repair

A Hybrid Model Based on Support Vector Machine for Bus Travel-Time Prediction

Effective bus travel time prediction is essential in transit operation system. An improved support vector machine (SVM) is applied in this paper to predict bus travel time and then the efficiency of the improved SVM is checked. The improved SVM is the combination of traditional SVM, Grubbs’ test method and an adaptive algorithm for bus travel-time prediction. Since error data exists in the collected data, Grubbs’ test method is used for removing outliers from input data before applying the traditional SVM model. Besides, to decrease the influence of the historical data in different stages on the forecast result of the traditional SVM, an adaptive algorithm is adopted to dynamically decrease the forecast error. Finally, the proposed approach is tested with the data of No. 232 bus route in Shenyang. The results show that the improved SVM has good prediction accuracy and practicality

Radiation damage simulation using molecular dynamics in ni-based alloy

In the present study, we investigated the irradiation-induced induction in Ni80Cr20, Ni80Fe20, Ni50Fe50, Ni40Fe40Cr20 by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A previously published modified potential is used to provide a detailed account of the process involved in the production and evolution of defects. Ni50Fe50 and Ni40Fe40Cr20 alloys exhibit comparable damage level and better radiation response compared to Ni80Cr20 and Ni80Fe20. The inhibition effect of interstitial clusters increases with the complexity of alloying elements. The alloying of Cr has resulted in Ni80Fe20 and Ni50Fe50 tend to form 1/3\u3c111\u3e dislocation loops while at the same time making Ni40Fe40Cr20 and Ni80Cr20 more susceptible to stacking fault tetrahedra formation than the remaining two alloys

Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of nucleophosmin and its potential regulation by peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase

Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphoprotein involved in many cellular processes. Phosphorylation is considered the major regulatory mechanism of the NPM protein, associated with diverse cellular events. In this study, we characterized the phosphorylation status of several physiological phosphorylation sites of NPM, especially the newly confirmed in vivo site threonine 95 (Thr95). NPM-Thr95 exhibits a transient and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation state compared to several other in vivo phosphorylation sites examined, including Ser4, Thr199 and Thr234/Thr237. In addition, we characterized a functional interaction between NPM and the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, which specifically bind to each other during mitosis. The demonstration of this binding represents a novel post-phosphorylation regulatory mechanism for NPM that has not been investigated before. Mutated Pin1 putative binding sites result in defected cell division and reduced number of mitotic cells, suggesting that post-phosphorylation is important for NPM in regulating cell cycle progression

Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline u-10mo alloys by molecular dynamics simulation

U-Mo alloys were considered to be the most promising candidates for high-density nuclear fuel. The uniaxial tensile behavior of nanocrystalline U-10Mo alloys with average grain sizes of 8–23 nm was systematically studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, mainly focusing on the influence of average grain size on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms. The results show that Young’s modulus, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength follow as average grain size increases. During the deformation process, localized phase transitions were observed in samples. Grain boundary sliding and grain rotation, as well as twinning, dominated the deformation in the smaller and larger grain sizes samples, respectively. Increased grain size led to greater localized shear deformation, resulting in greater stress drop. Additionally, we elucidated the effects of temperature and strain rate on tensile behavior and found that lower temperatures and higher strain rates not only facilitated the twinning tendency but also favored the occurrence of phase transitions in samples. Results from this research could provide guidance for the design and optimization of U-10Mo alloys materials

An Online Nanoinformatics Platform Empowering Computational Modeling of Nanomaterials by Nanostructure Annotations and Machine Learning Toolkits.

Modern nanotechnology has generated numerous datasets from in vitro and in vivo studies on nanomaterials, with some available on nanoinformatics portals. However, these existing databases lack the digital data and tools suitable for machine learning studies. Here, we report a nanoinformatics platform that accurately annotates nanostructures into machine-readable data files and provides modeling toolkits. This platform, accessible to the public at https://vinas-toolbox.com/, has annotated nanostructures of 14 material types. The associated nanodescriptor data and assay test results are appropriate for modeling purposes. The modeling toolkits enable data standardization, data visualization, and machine learning model development to predict properties and bioactivities of new nanomaterials. Moreover, a library of virtual nanostructures with their predicted properties and bioactivities is available, directing the synthesis of new nanomaterials. This platform provides a data-driven computational modeling platform for the nanoscience community, significantly aiding in the development of safe and effective nanomaterials