Petrogenesis and metallogenic implications for the Machang, Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang plutons in eastern Anhui: an integrated age, petrologic, and geochemical study

<p>The Tuncang–Chuzhou–Machang area (eastern Anhui province) is geologically located in the intersection between the Yangtze block and the Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt. Many Mesozoic plutons outcrop in this district that are Cu–Au prospective but inadequately studied. We report new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages, petrologic, and whole rock geochemical data for three representative plutons at Machang, Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang. New dating results suggest that all the Machang (129.3 ± 1.6 Ma), Huangdaoshan (129 ± 1.7 Ma), and Tuncang (130.8 ± 1.9 Ma) plutons were emplaced in the Early Cretaceous, slightly older than other plutons in neighbourhood of the Zhangbaling uplift. The three plutons contain typical low-Mg adakitic affinities, in which the rocks contain SiO₂ >56%, Al₂O₃ ≥15%, Mg# <53, elevated Sr, Ba, Cr, Ni, Sr/Y, and La/Yb, low Y and Yb and no discernible Eu anomaly. Their petrogenesis may have been related to the delamination and partial melting of the lower crust, which is different from the Chuzhou pluton, which was interpreted to have formed by partial melting of the subducted slabs. We suggest that this petrogenetic difference may explain why the pluton at Chuzhou is Cu–Au fertile, whereas those at Machang, Huangdaoshan, and Tuncang are largely barren. It is proposed that adakitic plutons formed by partial melting of the subducted slabs have high metallogenetic potentiality in the area.</p

Abolishment of Rpb1 sumoylation at K1487 does not affect overall TCR or Rad26-independent TCR.

<p>(A) DNA sequencing gels showing repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in the transcribed strand of the <i>RPB2</i> gene in <i>rad16</i> cells expressing wild type (CX85) or K1487R mutant (CX87) Rpb1. (B) DNA sequencing gels showing repair of CPDs in the transcribed strand of the <i>RPB2</i> gene in <i>rad16 rad26</i> cells expressing wild type (CX112) or K1487R mutant (CX113) Rpb1. Lanes <i>U</i> are unirradiated controls. Other lanes are samples from cells incubated for different times (min) following UV irradiation. The arrow on the left of the gels indicates the transcription start site of <i>RPB2</i>.</p

Yeast strains used in this study.

a<p>Plasmid contained in a strain is shown in a bracket.</p

UV-induced sumoylation in wild type and NER-deficient cells.

<p>Log phase cells were irradiated with UV and incubated in a rich medium at 30°C. Rpb1 was immunoprecipitated from the cells at different times of the post-UV incubation using antibody 8WG16 and probed with anti-SUMO and 8WG16 antibodies. (A) UV-induced Rpb1 sumoylation in wild type (BJ5465), <i>rad7</i> (GGR-deficient) (SL212), <i>rad26 rpb9</i> (TCR-deficient) (SL81), <i>rad7 rad26 rpb9</i> (GGR- and TCR-deficient) (SL244) and <i>rad14</i> (GGR- and TCR-deficient) (CR14) cells. As Rpb1 was gradually degraded during the post-UV incubation in <i>RPB9</i>⁺ (WT, <i>rad7</i> and <i>rad14</i>) cells <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005267#pone.0005267-Chen1" target="_blank">[15]</a>, the loadings of samples from these cells at the different time points were adjusted to approximately the same level of Rpb1 remaining. (B) UV-induced Rpb1 sumoylation in <i>rad7 rpb9</i> (SL221), <i>rad7 rad26 rpb9</i> (SL244) and <i>rad7 rad26 rpb9 spt4</i> (SL243) cells.</p

Western blots showing the roles of Ubc9 and Siz1 in UV-induced Rpb1 sumoylation.

<p>(A) Degradation of degron-myc tagged Ubc9 upon shifting to nonpermissive temperature (37°C) in galactose containing medium (to induce the expression of plasmid pKL142 encoded Ubr1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase). Tubulin serves as an internal loading control. (B) Abolishment of UV-induced Rpb1 sumoylation when Ubc9 was depleted. Rpb1 was immunoprecipitated from the cells cultured at the indicated conditions using antibody 8WG16 and probed with anti-SUMO and 8WG16 antibodies. (C) The roles of Siz1 and Siz2 in UV-induced Rpb1 sumoylation. Rpb1 was immunoprecipited from the UV irradiated wild type (BY4741) and mutant (strains 4245 and 2412) cells using antibody 8WG16 and probed with anti-SUMO and 8WG16 antibodies. The control was a sample prepared from unirradiated wild type cells. WT, wild type.</p

Sumoylation of Rpb1 does not affect its degradation in response to UV radiation.

<p>Whole cell extracts were prepared from the cells that had been incubated for different times following UV irradiation. Rpb1 in the whole cell extracts were probed with antibody 8WG16 on the Western blots. Tubulin serves as an internal loading control. (A) Levels of Rpb1 in isogenic wild type (BY4741) and <i>siz1</i> (strain 4245) cells. (B) Levels of wild type and K1487R mutant Rpb1 expressed in isogenic cells (CX84 and CX79). (C) Levels of Rpb1 in wild type (Y452) and <i>hex3 slx8</i> (MHY3861) cells. (D) Levels of Rpb1 in isogenic cells expressing wild type (JD74-13c) or K11,15,19R mutant Smt3 (YKU116). WT, wild type.</p

Effects of Rpb1 sumoylation at K1487 on UV-induced Rad53 phosphorylation.

<p>(A–C) UV-induced Rad53 phosphorylation in log phase wild type (for NER genes) cells expressing wild type (CX84) or K1487R mutant (CX79) Rpb1. (D–F) UV-induced Rad53 phosphorylation in log phase <i>rad16</i> cells expressing wild type (CX85) or K1487R mutant (CX87) Rpb1. (G–I) UV-induced Rad53 phosphorylation in log phase <i>rad16 rad26</i> cells expressing wild type (CX112) or K1487R mutant (CX113) Rpb1. The cells were irradiated with UV and incubated in a rich medium at 30°C. Whole cell extracts were prepared from the cells at different times of the post-UV incubation. Rad53 in the whole cell extracts was probed with an anti-Rad53 antibody on Western blots. <i>p</i> and <i>u</i> on the left of the blots indicate bands of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated Rad53, respectively. Plots C, F and I show ratios of phosphorylated Rad53 (Rad53<i>p</i>) to unphosphorylated Rad53 (Rad53<i>u</i>) in the wild type, <i>rad16</i> and <i>rad16 rad26</i> cells, respectively. Error bars represents standard deviations.</p

Recruitment of family caregiver participants.

<p>Recruitment of family caregiver participants.</p

Demographic characteristics of informal caregivers and disabled elders.

<p>Demographic characteristics of informal caregivers and disabled elders.</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis: Factors associated with the depressive emotion among the informal caregivers of disabled elders (N = 444).

<p>Multivariate logistic regression analysis: Factors associated with the depressive emotion among the informal caregivers of disabled elders (N = 444).</p