Allocation of constitutive and induced chemical defenses across different pine parts.

<p>Concentration of non-volatile resin in (a) the stem and (b) the needles, and total phenolics in (c) the stem and (d) the needles across three parts of the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part) in control (constitutive, white bars) and methyl-jasmonate (MJ) induced (black bars) <i>P. radiata</i> juveniles. Plants were destructively sampled 15 days after application of MJ. Bars are means ± s.e.m. (N = 36). Asterisks indicate significant differences within each plant part due to MJ-induction at <i>P</i><0.05 (*), <i>P</i><0.01 (**) and <i>P</i><0.001 (***).</p

Allocation of constitutive and induced concentration of nitrogen across different pine parts.

1<p>DF = degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator).</p><p>Summary of the repeated measures mixed model for constitutive and methyl-jasmonate (MJ) induced nitrogen concentration in three tissues (phloem, xylem and needles) across three parts the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part). Sample size was N = 12 except for xylem, that was N = 6 due to sample loss, resulting in only one genetic entry analyzed. Significant <i>P</i> values (<i>P</i><0.05) are typed in bold.</p

Allocation of constitutive and induced concentration of nitrogen across different pine parts.

<p>Nitrogen concentration in (a) the phloem, (b) the xylem and (c) the needles across three parts of the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part) in control (constitutive, white bars) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) induced (black bars) <i>P. radiata</i> juveniles. Plants were destructively sampled 15 days after application of MJ. Bars are means ± s.e.m. (N = 12 for phloem and needle tissues and N = 6 for xylem tissue). Asterisks indicate significant differences within each plant part due to MJ-induction at <i>P</i><0.05 (*), <i>P</i><0.01 (**) and <i>P</i><0.001 (***).</p

Allocation of constitutive and induced non-volatile resin across different pine parts.

<p>Non-volatile resin concentration in (a) the phloem and (b) the xylem across three parts of the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part) in control (constitutive, white bars) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) induced (black bars) <i>P. radiata</i> juveniles. Plants were destructively sampled 15 days after application of MJ. Bars are means ± s.e.m. (N = 8). Asterisks indicate significant differences within each plant part due to MJ-induction at <i>P</i><0.05 (*) and <i>P</i><0.01 (**).</p

Allocation of constitutive and induced non-volatile resin across different pine parts.

1<p>DF = degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator).</p><p>Summary of the repeated measures mixed model for constitutive and methyl-jasmonate (MJ) induced allocation of non-volatile resin to two tissues (phloem and xylem) across three parts of the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part) in two <i>P. radiata</i> open-pollinated families. Significant <i>P</i> values (<i>P</i><0.05) are typed in bold.</p

Allocation of constitutive and induced chemical defenses across different pine parts.

1<p>DF = degrees of freedom (numerator, denominator).</p><p>Summary of the repeated measures mixed model for constitutive and methyl-jasmonate (MJ) induced allocation of chemical defenses (non-volatile resin and total phenolics) to two tissues (stem and needles) across three parts of the plants (basal, middle and apical upper part) in six <i>P. radiata</i> open-pollinated families. Significant <i>P</i> values (<i>P</i><0.05) are typed in bold.</p

Contribution of the studied pine constitutive defensive traits and their inducibility to the defensive clustering of pine species.

<p>Trait values (least square mean ± SE) for the two defensive clusters (syndromes) and coefficients for linear discriminant analyses (LDA scaling) are shown. Significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and marginal (<i>P</i> < 0.10) differences between clusters are typed in bold.</p

Defensive phenogram showing similarity among 18 conifer species of four constitutive defensive traits, four defensive traits induced by the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and four defensive traits induced by the salicylic acid pathway.

<p>Closely clustered species show similar integrated defensive phenotypes and form two defense syndromes (Cluster A in red font and Cluster B in black font).</p

Scheme showing the lack of congruence between the molecular phylogeny of pine trees based on molecular markers by Eckert & Hall [44] and the defense phenogram constructed from phenotypic functional defensive traits in this study (Mantel Test, <i>P</i> = 0.379).

<p>Scheme showing the lack of congruence between the molecular phylogeny of pine trees based on molecular markers by Eckert & Hall [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0152537#pone.0152537.ref044" target="_blank">44</a>] and the defense phenogram constructed from phenotypic functional defensive traits in this study (Mantel Test, <i>P</i> = 0.379).</p

Data from Moreira et al 2012

Data set of the whole experiment with a "readme" excel sheet. Inlcudes plant ID with spatial coordinates, experimental design, field sampling of insects and chemical analyse