31 research outputs found
In Situ Crystallization Synthesis of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Quantum Dot-Embedded Glasses with Improved Stability for Solid-State Lighting and Random Upconverted Lasing
All-inorganic cesium lead bromide CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite
quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as potential candidates for their
applications in optoelectronic devices but they suffer from poor long-term
stability due to their high sensitivity to UV irradiation, heat, and
especially to moisture. Although great advances in improving stability
of perovskite QDs have been achieved by surface modification or encapsulation
in polymer and silica, they are not sufficiently refrained from external
environment due to nondense structures of these protective layers.
In this work, in situ nanocrystallization strategy is developed to
directly grow CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> QDs among a specially designed TeO<sub>2</sub>-based glass matrix. As a result, QD-embedded glass shows
typical bright green emission assigned to exciton recombination radiation
and significant improvement of photon/thermal stability and water
resistance due to the effective protecting role of dense structural
glass. Particularly, ∼90% of emission intensity is even remained
after immersing QD-embedded glass in water up to 120 h, enabling them
to find promising applications in white-light-emitting device with
superior color stability and low-threshold random upconverted laser
under ambient air condition
Automated in Vivo Nanosensing of Breath-Borne Protein Biomarkers
Toxicology
and bedside medical condition monitoring is often desired
to be both ultrasensitive and noninvasive. However, current biomarker
analyses for these purposes are mostly offline and fail to detect
low marker quantities. Here, we report a system called dLABer (detection
of living animal’s exhaled breath biomarker) that integrates
living rats, breath sampling, microfluidics, and biosensors for the
automated tracking of breath-borne biomarkers. Our data show that
dLABer could selectively detect (online) and report differences (of
up to 10<sup>3</sup>-fold) in the levels of inflammation agent interleukin-6
(IL-6) exhaled by rats injected with different ambient particulate
matter (PM). The dLABer system was further shown to have an up to
10<sup>4</sup> higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when analyzing the same breath samples.
In addition, both blood-borne IL-6 levels analyzed via ELISA in rats
injected with different PM extracts and PM toxicity determined by
a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay agreed well with those determined by
the dLABer system. Video recordings further verified that rats exposed
to PM with higher toxicity (according to a DTT assay and as revealed
by dLABer) appeared to be less physically active. All the data presented
here suggest that the dLABer system is capable of real-time, noninvasive
monitoring of breath-borne biomarkers with ultrasensitivity. The dLABer
system is expected to revolutionize pollutant health effect studies
and bedside disease diagnosis as well as physiological condition monitoring
at the single-protein level
Table1_Genetic diversity, tissue-specific expression, and functional analysis of the ATP7A gene in sheep.XLSX
In humans, variation of the ATP7A gene may cause cranial exostosis, which is similar to “human horn,” but the function of the ATP7A gene in sheep is still unknown. Tissue expression patterns and potential functional loci analysis of the ATP7A gene could help understand its function in sheep horn. In this study, we first identified tissue, sex, breed, and species-specific expression of the ATP7A gene in sheep based on the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Second, the potential functional sites of the ATP7A gene were analyzed by using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 99 sheep from 10 breeds. Last, the allele-specific expression of the ATP7A gene was explored. Our result showed the ATP7A gene has significantly higher expression in the big horn than in the small horn, and the ATP7A gene has high expression in the horn and skin, suggesting that this gene may be related to the horn. The PCA results show that the region around the ATP7A can distinguish horned and hornless groups to some extent, further indicating that the ATP7A may be related to horns. When compared with other species, we find seven ruminate specific amino acid sites of the ATP7A protein, which can be important to the ruminate horn. By analyzing WGS, we found 6 SNP sites with significant differences in frequency in horned and hornless populations, and most of these variants are present in the intron. But we still find some potential functional sites, including three missenses, three synonymous mutations, and four Indels. Finally, by combining the RNA-seq and WGS functional loci results, we find three mutations that showed allele-specific expression between big and small horns. This study shows that the ATP7A gene in sheep may be related to horn size, and several potential functional sites we identified here can be useful molecular markers for sheep horn breeding.</p
Automated in Vivo Nanosensing of Breath-Borne Protein Biomarkers
Toxicology
and bedside medical condition monitoring is often desired
to be both ultrasensitive and noninvasive. However, current biomarker
analyses for these purposes are mostly offline and fail to detect
low marker quantities. Here, we report a system called dLABer (detection
of living animal’s exhaled breath biomarker) that integrates
living rats, breath sampling, microfluidics, and biosensors for the
automated tracking of breath-borne biomarkers. Our data show that
dLABer could selectively detect (online) and report differences (of
up to 10<sup>3</sup>-fold) in the levels of inflammation agent interleukin-6
(IL-6) exhaled by rats injected with different ambient particulate
matter (PM). The dLABer system was further shown to have an up to
10<sup>4</sup> higher signal-to-noise ratio than that of the enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) when analyzing the same breath samples.
In addition, both blood-borne IL-6 levels analyzed via ELISA in rats
injected with different PM extracts and PM toxicity determined by
a dithiothreitol (DTT) assay agreed well with those determined by
the dLABer system. Video recordings further verified that rats exposed
to PM with higher toxicity (according to a DTT assay and as revealed
by dLABer) appeared to be less physically active. All the data presented
here suggest that the dLABer system is capable of real-time, noninvasive
monitoring of breath-borne biomarkers with ultrasensitivity. The dLABer
system is expected to revolutionize pollutant health effect studies
and bedside disease diagnosis as well as physiological condition monitoring
at the single-protein level
Data_Sheet_3_A body map of super-enhancers and their function in pig.PDF
IntroductionSuper-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of enhancers that act synergistically to drive the high-level expression of genes involved in cell identity and function. Although SEs have been extensively investigated in humans and mice, they have not been well characterized in pigs.MethodsHere, we identified 42,380 SEs in 14 pig tissues using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and statistics of its overall situation, studied the composition and characteristics of SE, and explored the influence of SEs characteristics on gene expression.ResultsWe observed that approximately 40% of normal enhancers (NEs) form SEs. Compared to NEs, we found that SEs were more likely to be enriched with an activated enhancer and show activated functions. Interestingly, SEs showed X chromosome depletion and short interspersed nuclear element enrichment, implying that SEs play an important role in sex traits and repeat evolution. Additionally, SE-associated genes exhibited higher expression levels and stronger conservation than NE-associated genes. However, genes with the largest SEs had higher expression levels than those with the smallest SEs, indicating that SE size may influence gene expression. Moreover, we observed a negative correlation between SE gene distance and gene expression, indicating that the proximity of SEs can affect gene activity. Gene ontology enrichment and motif analysis revealed that SEs have strong tissue-specific activity. For example, the CORO2B gene with a brain-specific SE shows strong brain-specific expression, and the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene with liver-specific SEs shows strong liver-specific expression.DiscussionIn this study, we illustrated a body map of SEs and explored their functions in pigs, providing information on the composition and tissue-specific patterns of SEs. This study can serve as a valuable resource of gene regulatory and comparative analyses to the scientific community and provides a theoretical reference for genetic control mechanisms of important traits in pigs.</p
Heat map of relative expression levels for genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.
<p>Heat map of relative expression levels for genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.</p
Data_Sheet_1_A body map of super-enhancers and their function in pig.PDF
IntroductionSuper-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of enhancers that act synergistically to drive the high-level expression of genes involved in cell identity and function. Although SEs have been extensively investigated in humans and mice, they have not been well characterized in pigs.MethodsHere, we identified 42,380 SEs in 14 pig tissues using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and statistics of its overall situation, studied the composition and characteristics of SE, and explored the influence of SEs characteristics on gene expression.ResultsWe observed that approximately 40% of normal enhancers (NEs) form SEs. Compared to NEs, we found that SEs were more likely to be enriched with an activated enhancer and show activated functions. Interestingly, SEs showed X chromosome depletion and short interspersed nuclear element enrichment, implying that SEs play an important role in sex traits and repeat evolution. Additionally, SE-associated genes exhibited higher expression levels and stronger conservation than NE-associated genes. However, genes with the largest SEs had higher expression levels than those with the smallest SEs, indicating that SE size may influence gene expression. Moreover, we observed a negative correlation between SE gene distance and gene expression, indicating that the proximity of SEs can affect gene activity. Gene ontology enrichment and motif analysis revealed that SEs have strong tissue-specific activity. For example, the CORO2B gene with a brain-specific SE shows strong brain-specific expression, and the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene with liver-specific SEs shows strong liver-specific expression.DiscussionIn this study, we illustrated a body map of SEs and explored their functions in pigs, providing information on the composition and tissue-specific patterns of SEs. This study can serve as a valuable resource of gene regulatory and comparative analyses to the scientific community and provides a theoretical reference for genetic control mechanisms of important traits in pigs.</p
Data_Sheet_2_A body map of super-enhancers and their function in pig.PDF
IntroductionSuper-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of enhancers that act synergistically to drive the high-level expression of genes involved in cell identity and function. Although SEs have been extensively investigated in humans and mice, they have not been well characterized in pigs.MethodsHere, we identified 42,380 SEs in 14 pig tissues using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and statistics of its overall situation, studied the composition and characteristics of SE, and explored the influence of SEs characteristics on gene expression.ResultsWe observed that approximately 40% of normal enhancers (NEs) form SEs. Compared to NEs, we found that SEs were more likely to be enriched with an activated enhancer and show activated functions. Interestingly, SEs showed X chromosome depletion and short interspersed nuclear element enrichment, implying that SEs play an important role in sex traits and repeat evolution. Additionally, SE-associated genes exhibited higher expression levels and stronger conservation than NE-associated genes. However, genes with the largest SEs had higher expression levels than those with the smallest SEs, indicating that SE size may influence gene expression. Moreover, we observed a negative correlation between SE gene distance and gene expression, indicating that the proximity of SEs can affect gene activity. Gene ontology enrichment and motif analysis revealed that SEs have strong tissue-specific activity. For example, the CORO2B gene with a brain-specific SE shows strong brain-specific expression, and the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene with liver-specific SEs shows strong liver-specific expression.DiscussionIn this study, we illustrated a body map of SEs and explored their functions in pigs, providing information on the composition and tissue-specific patterns of SEs. This study can serve as a valuable resource of gene regulatory and comparative analyses to the scientific community and provides a theoretical reference for genetic control mechanisms of important traits in pigs.</p
DEGs in the Pre and Post samples.
<p>Significantly up- or downregulated genes are marked in blue, and genes showing no significant differential expression are marked in red, using the threshold of FDR≤0.001 and log<sub>2</sub>Ratio≥1.</p
Identification of over-represented GO terms in the DEG set.
<p>Identification of over-represented GO terms in the DEG set.</p