Polymerization of Isoprene Promoted by Aminophosphine(ory)-Fused Bipyridine Cobalt Complexes: Precise Control of Molecular Weight and <i>cis</i>-1,4-<i>alt</i>-3,4 Sequence

Ligands <i>N</i>-(dialkyl or arylphosphino)-(2,2′-bipyridin)-6-amine (<b>L1</b>, aryl = Ph; <b>L2</b>, alkyl = ^<i>t</i>Bu; <b>L3</b>, alkyl = adamantyl (Ad)) as well as the corresponding oxidized <i>N</i>-(2,2′-bipyridin-6-yl)-<i>P</i>,<i>P</i>-dialkyl or aryl phosphinic amide (<b>L4</b>, aryl = Ph; <b>L5</b>, alkyl = ^<i>t</i>Bu; <b>L6</b>, alkyl = Ad) congeners were designed and coordinated to cobalt dichloride. The structures of formed complexes were characterized by IR and elemental analyses, as well as characterizations of the X-ray diffractions for complexes <b>C</b><b>o</b><b>4</b> and <b>C</b><b>o</b><b>6</b>, which revealed the cobalt center is expectedly pentacoordinated in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal configuration with a prolonged CoO­(P) bond<i>.</i> In combination with MMAO, complex <b>Co2</b> was highly active in <i>cis</i>-1,4-<i>alt</i>-3,4 enchained polymerization. The hemilabile nature of OP is possible for the alternating η⁴-<i>cis</i>-1,4 and η²-3,4 coordination, and insertion at the metal–carbon bond ensued. In combination with AlEt₂Cl, each of complexes <b>Co4</b>, <b>Co5</b>, and <b>Co6</b> was capable of converting isoprene to polyisoprene in a control mode with observed polymerization rate constants (<i>k</i>_obs = 0.1531 L mol^–1 min^–1 (<b>Co4</b>), 0.1382 L mol^–1 min^–1 (<b>Co5</b>), and 0.0902 L mol^–1 min^–1 (<b>Co6</b>)). The activation energy of the polymerization by <b>Co4</b> falls in the range of 27–31 kJ/mol by determining <i>k</i>_obs values at 0, 30, and 50 °C. The ¹³C NMR analyses of the obtained polyisoprene revealed that complexes <b>Co4</b>, <b>Co5</b>, and <b>Co6</b> have a <i>cis</i>-1,4 selectivity of 86.6–93.4% with a 3,4 selectivity of 6.6–13.4%. This catalyst system can also be applied to block copolymerization of isoprene and myrcene in a living <i>cis</i>-1,4 fashion; therefore, a new biosourced monomer-based elastomer has been achieved

Clinical data of patients with anti-GBM disease.

<p>Clinical data of patients with anti-GBM disease.</p

Competition assays of autoantibodies against microbial peptides.

<p>Antibody binding to P1 could be inhibited by P1, P14, and α3(IV)NC1. Binding to immobilized P1 was measured using ELISA, and relative binding is calculated as a percentage of antibody binding to immobilized P1-IgG in the absence of P1, P14 or α3(IV)NC1in solution.</p

The comparison of anti-microbial peptide antibodies among patients with anti-GBM disease, ANCA associated vasculitis, and double positive patients.

<p>The comparison of anti-microbial peptide antibodies among patients with anti-GBM disease, ANCA associated vasculitis, and double positive patients.</p

Out of Lust or Jealousy: The Effects of Mate-Related Motives on Study-Time Allocation to Faces Varying in Attractiveness

<div><p>Although a growing number of empirical studies have revealed that activating mate-related motives might exert a specific set of consequences for human cognition and behaviors, such as attention and memory, little is known about whether mate-related motives affect self-regulated learning. The present study examined the effects of mate-related motives (mate-search and mate-guarding) on study-time allocation to faces varying in attractiveness. In two experiments, participants in mate-related priming conditions (Experiment 1: mate-search; Experiment 2: mate-guarding) or control conditions studied 20 female faces (10 highly attractive, 10 less attractive) during a self-paced study task, and then were given a yes/no face recognition task. The finding of Experiment 1 showed that activating a mate-search motive led the male participants to allocate more time to highly attractive female faces (i.e., perceived potential mates) than to less attractive ones. In Experiment 2, female participants in the mate-guarding priming condition spent more time studying highly attractive female faces (i.e., perceived potential rivals) than less attractive ones, compared to participants in the control condition. These findings illustrate the highly specific consequences of mate-related motives on study-time allocation, and highlight the value of exploring human cognition and motivation within evolutionary and self-regulated learning frameworks.</p></div

Levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against microbial peptides from patients with anti-GBM disease (GBM), Double Positive patients (DP), ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV), Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (iMN), primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), Minimal Change Disease(MCD), IgA Nephropathy (IgAN), Lupus Nephritis (LN), and Healthy Controls (HC).

<p>Levels of IgG and IgM antibodies against microbial peptides from patients with anti-GBM disease (GBM), Double Positive patients (DP), ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV), Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (iMN), primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), Minimal Change Disease(MCD), IgA Nephropathy (IgAN), Lupus Nephritis (LN), and Healthy Controls (HC).</p

Mean study times (in seconds) allocated to highly and less attractive female faces for the mate-guarding and anxiety-control conditions in Experiment 2.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p

Clinical associations of antibodies against microbial peptides.

<p>A. Patients with anti-GBM disease with positive P1-IgG showed higher serum creatinine on diagnosis. B, C: Correlation between the level of P1-IgG or P4-IgG in anti-GBM patients with positive HLA-DRB1*1501 and the percentage of glomerular crescents.</p

Clinical data of patients with anti-GBM disease.

<p>Clinical data of patients with anti-GBM disease.</p

Mean study times (in seconds) allocated to highly and less attractive female faces for the mate-search and happiness-control conditions in Experiment 1.

<p>Error bars represent standard error of the mean.</p