Distinct Metabolomic Profiles of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Benign Thyroid Adenoma

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid adenoma (BTA) are the most common head and neck tumors. However, the metabolic differences between PTC and BTA have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic profiles of these two types of tumors using a metabolomics approach. Tumors and adjacent nontumor specimens collected from 57 patients with PTC and 48 patients with BTA were profiled using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A panel of 46 and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the PTC and BTA specimens, respetively, and compared with nontumor tissues. Common metabolic signatures, as characterized by increased glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, one carbon metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, were found in both types of tumors. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism was significantly elevated in the PTC specimens, and taurine and hypotaurine levels were also higher in the PTC tissues. Increased fatty acid and bile acid levels were found, especially in the BTA tissues. The metabolic profiles of the PTC and BTA tissues include both similar and remarkably different metabolites, suggesting the presence of common and unique mechanistic pathways in these types of tumors during tumorigenesis

Tryptophan Predicts the Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes

<div><p>Recently, 5 amino acids were identified and verified as important metabolites highly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. This report aims to assess the association of tryptophan with the development of T2D and to evaluate its performance with existing amino acid markers. A total of 213 participants selected from a ten-year longitudinal Shanghai Diabetes Study (SHDS) were examined in two ways: 1) 51 subjects who developed diabetes and 162 individuals who remained metabolically healthy in 10 years; 2) the same 51 future diabetes and 23 strictly matched ones selected from the 162 healthy individuals. Baseline fasting serum tryptophan concentrations were quantitatively measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple quadruple mass spectrometry. First, serum tryptophan level was found significantly higher in future T2D and was positively and independently associated with diabetes onset risk. Patients with higher tryptophan level tended to present higher degree of insulin resistance and secretion, triglyceride and blood pressure. Second, the prediction potential of tryptophan is non-inferior to the 5 existing amino acids. The predictive performance of the combined score improved after taking tryptophan into account. Our findings unveiled the potential of tryptophan as a new marker associated with diabetes risk in Chinese populations. The addition of tryptophan provided complementary value to the existing amino acid predictors.</p></div

ROCs of 5AAs-combined score and 6-AAs combined score in discriminating a) T2D and matched NGT (n = 74); and b) T2D and NGT (n = 213).

<p>ROCs of 5AAs-combined score and 6-AAs combined score in discriminating a) T2D and matched NGT (n = 74); and b) T2D and NGT (n = 213).</p

Additional file 16: Table S10. of Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice

Feed ingredients. (XLSX 10 kb

Baseline clinical characteristics and tryptophan levels in individuals who developed diabetes (T2D, n = 51) and remained metabolically healthy (NGT, n = 162) in 10 years, and in matched future metabolically healthy (matched NGT, n = 23) individuals.

<p>Baseline clinical characteristics and tryptophan levels in individuals who developed diabetes (T2D, n = 51) and remained metabolically healthy (NGT, n = 162) in 10 years, and in matched future metabolically healthy (matched NGT, n = 23) individuals.</p

a) Baseline tryptophan levels (mean with S.E.) in future NGT (n = 162), matched future NGT (n = 23), and future T2D (n = 51) groups. b) Association of tryptophan with metabolic markers in all participants (n = 213).

<p><b>Abbreviations:</b> BMI = body mass index; Glucose0 = fasting plasma glucose; Glucose120 = 2 h plasma glucose; INS0 = fasting insulin; INS120 = 2 h insulin; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SP = systolic blood pressure; DP = diastolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol; TG = total triglycerides; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (FPG*INS0/22.5); Matsuda index = 10000/(Glucose0×INS0×Glucose120×INS120)^0.5; HOMA-Beta = homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (20*INS0/(Glucose0-3.5); First-phase secretion = 2032+4.681*INS0-135*Glucose120+0.995*INS120+27.99*BMI-269.1*Glucose0; Second-phase secretion = 277+0.8*INS0-42.79*Glucose120+0.321*INS120+5.338*BMI.</p

Additional file 11: Figure S4. of Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice

The trajectories of bile acids and microbiome alteration along 56 days in control and HFD groups. (DOC 167 kb

Additional file 12: Table S8. of Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice

Time dependent alteration of bile acids and microbes in control and HFD groups. (XLSX 33 kb

Le Courrier

03 février 18511851/02/03 (N34)

Additional file 6: Figure S2. of Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice

The microbial community diversity in control and HFD groups shown by Simpson reciprocal index. (DOC 54 kb