Threshold-independent reliability analysis of ICA- derived global network metrics.

<p>The areas under the curves (AUCs) of each global metric were used to provide threshold-independent reliability evaluation. (A–C) The global metric reliability was derived from HbO, HbR, and HbT, respectively. <i>C_p</i>, <i>L_p</i>, <i>γ</i>, <i>λ,</i> and σ denote the clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length, and small-world, respectively. <i>E_loc</i> and <i>E_glob</i> denote local efficiency and global efficiency, respectively. <i>Q</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>r</i> denote modularity, hierarchy, and assortativity, respectively.</p

Significant differences (paired t-test) in nodal metric reliability.

<p>(A) Reliability for three nodal centrality metrics (degree, efficiency, and betweenness). (B) Reliability for three concentration signals (HbO, HbR, and HbT). Note that the reliability of nodal degree and efficiency is concordant across HbO, HbR, and HbT and is also significantly (<i>p</i><0.0001) higher than that of nodal betweenness. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of the mean across the total nodes. The double asterisk indicates <i>p</i><0.0001.</p

Significant differences (paired t-test) in ICA-derived nodal metric reliability.

<p>(A) Reliability for three nodal centrality metrics (degree, efficiency, and betweenness). (B) Reliability for three concentration signals (HbO, HbR, and HbT). Each of these three concentration signals was denoised using ICA. Note that the reliability of nodal degree and efficiency is concordant across HbO, HbR, and HbT and is also significantly (<i>p</i><0.0001) higher than that of nodal betweenness. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of the mean across the total nodes. The double asterisk indicates <i>p</i><0.0001.</p

Hydrogen-Bond-Activated Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation via Allylic Alkyl Ethers: Challenging Leaving Groups

C–O bond cleavage of allylic alkyl ether was realized in a Pd-catalyzed hydrogen-bond-activated allylic alkylation using only alcohol solvents. This procedure does not require any additives and proceeds with high regioselectivity. The applicability of this transformation to a variety of functionalized allylic ether substrates was also investigated. Furthermore, this methodology can be easily extended to the asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure products (99% ee)

Demonstration of R-fNIRS brain network reliability analysis.

<p>Demonstration of R-fNIRS brain network reliability analysis.</p

Schematic of fNIRS channel localization.

<p>(A) and (C) display the left and right view of measurement channels on an anatomical brain image. (B) The arrangement of the whole-head 46 measurement channels on a brain template. Note that the red and purple solid circles represent sources and detectors, respectively.</p

Threshold-independent reliability analysis of global network metrics.

<p>The areas under the curves (AUCs) of each global metric were used to provide threshold-independent reliability evaluation. (A–C) The global metric reliability was derived from HbO, HbR, and HbT, respectively. <i>C_p</i>, <i>L_p</i>, <i>γ</i>, <i>λ,</i> and σ denote the clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length, and small-world, respectively. <i>E_loc</i> and <i>E_glob</i> denote local efficiency and global efficiency, respectively. <i>Q</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>r</i> denote modularity, hierarchy, and assortativity, respectively.</p

TRT reliability of global network metrics as a function of sparsity threshold.

<p>(A–C) The global metric reliability was derived from HbO, HbR, and HbT, respectively. Five colors correspond to five different reliability grades. The red, yellow, green, cyan, and blue colors represent excellent (0.75< <i>ICC</i> <1), good (0.6< <i>ICC</i> <0.75), fair (0.4< <i>ICC</i> <0.6), low (0.25< <i>ICC</i> <0.4), and poor (<i>ICC</i><0.25) reliability of global network metrics, respectively. <i>C_p</i>, <i>L_p</i>, <i>γ</i>, <i>λ,</i> and σ denote the clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length, and small-world, respectively. <i>E_loc</i> and <i>E_glob</i> denote local efficiency and global efficiency, respectively. <i>Q</i>, <i>β</i>, and <i>r</i> denote modularity, hierarchy, and assortativity, respectively.</p

Reliability analysis of RSFC maps.

<p>The first to third columns correspond to the data derived from HbO, HbR, and HbT, respectively. (A, B) The TRT reliability of RSFC maps and their corresponding reliability distributions. The reliability displays approximately normal configuration for all 1035 (i.e., 46×45/2) connections. The connections exhibit good reliability across HbO (mean <i>ICC</i> values 0.70), HbR (0.65) and HbT (0.71). (C) The relationship between RSFC strength and reliability as assessed by scatterplots. Each dot represents the group-level RSFC strength and the corresponding <i>ICC</i> value at the same connections. The trend lines were obtained by a linear least-squares fit method. Significant (<i>p</i><0.05) positive correlations were found for HbO and HbR signals, suggesting stronger RSFC leads to higher reliability for both these signals.</p