Validation of 19 genes differentially expressed between female and male flowers using qRT-PCR.

<p>These differentially expressed genes encode V-type proton ATPase subunit E (A), DELLA protein GAI (B), Putative leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase family protein (C), Putative uncharacterized protein OSJNBb0014M19.23–2 (D), Male sterility MS5 (E), Tapetum-specific protein A9 (F), Pollen ole e 1 allergen and extensin family protein (G), Flowering promoting factor-like protein (H), Transcription factor MYC (I), WRKY transcription factor (J), Transcription factor MYC2 (K), Pistil-specific extensin-like protein (L), Unknown protein (M), MYB transcription factor (N), Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein (O), Nudix hydrolase 2 (P), Ethylene responsive transcription factor 12 (Q), Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase (R) and Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (S).</p

Comparative transcript profiling explores differentially expressed genes associated with sexual phenotype in kiwifruit

<div><p>Background</p><p>Kiwifruit is a perennial, deciduous and functionally dioecious plant. However, very little is known about the whole-genome molecular mechanisms contributing to distinct sexual phenotypes. To gain a global view of genes differentially expressed between male and female flowers, we analyzed genome-wide gene expression profiles in the flowers of male and female plants using high-throughput RNA sequencing.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 53.5 million reads were generated. Based on the alignments of unigenes to kiwifruit genome predicted genes, a total of 39,040 unique genes with a mean length of 970 bp were identified. There were 2,503 UniGenes differentially expressed between female and male flowers, with 1,793 up-regulated and 710 down-regulated in the female flowers. Moreover, the gene expression pattern of 17 out of 19 unigenes differentially expressed between male and female flowers revealed by RNA-Seq was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Here, we obtained a large number of EST sequences from female and male flowers of kiwifruit. This comparative transcriptome analysis provides an invaluable resource for gene expression, genomics, and functional genomic studies in <i>A</i>. <i>chinensis</i> and its related species. This study also represents a first step toward the investigation of genes involved in kiwifruit sex determination.</p></div

KEGG analysis for genes differentially expressed between female and male flowers.

<p>KEGG analysis for genes differentially expressed between female and male flowers.</p

GO analysis for genes differentially expressed between female and male flowers.

<p>GO analysis for genes differentially expressed between female and male flowers.</p

Distribution of over-expressed transcription factors in female and male flowers.

<p>Distribution of over-expressed transcription factors in female and male flowers.</p

Summary of sequence analysis.

<p>Summary of sequence analysis.</p

Plant hormone signal transduction.

<p>Thirty-seven unigenes were assigned to plant hormone signal transduction pathways by KEGG. The kiwifruit unigenes involved in these pathways are marked in green. Arrows indicate differentially expressed genes closely associated with hormone synthesis and metabolism.</p

Morphological differences in the floral organs of female and male kiwifruit individuals.

<p>Morphological differences in the floral organs of female and male kiwifruit individuals.</p

Additional file 3 of Genome-wide identification and characterization of AP2/ERF gene superfamily during flower development in Actinidia eriantha

Additional file 3: Table S3. The basic information of AP2/ERF gene family in A. eriantha and A. chinensis

Tailored Fabrication of Thoroughly Mesoporous BiVO₄ Nanofibers and Their Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activities

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) is considered as a potentially attractive candidate for the O₂ evolution and photodegradation of organic pollutants. In an effort to develop visible-light-driven photocatalysts with high activities, the thoroughly mesoporous BiVO₄ nanofibers were fabricated via a foaming-assisted electrospinning strategy. It was found that the introduced foaming agent of diisopropyl azodiformate within the solutions plays a crucial role on the formation of thoroughly mesoporous BiVO₄ nanofibers, making their growth tunable. The obtained mesoporous BiVO₄ nanofibers possess well-defined one-dimensional mesoporous architectures with high purity in their morphology and a surface area of 22.5 m²/g, which is ∼4 times that of conventional solid counterparts (5.8 m²/g). Accordingly, they exhibit much higher efficient photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of rhodamine B under visible-light irradiation, which is 3 times that of conventional solid counterparts, suggesting their promising application as novel and efficient photocatalysts for water purification