Quantum anomalous vortex and Majorana zero mode in iron-based superconductor Fe(Te,Se)

In topological insulators doped with magnetic ions, spin-orbit coupling and ferromagnetism give rise to the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here we show that in s-wave superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, magnetic impurity ions can generate topological vortices in the absence of external magnetic fields. Such vortices, dubbed quantum anomalous vortices, support robust Majorana zero-energy modes when superconductivity is induced in the topological surface states. We demonstrate that the zero-energy bound states observed in Fe(Te,Se) superconductors are possible realizations of the Majorana zero modes in quantum anomalous vortices produced by the interstitial magnetic Fe. The quantum anomalous vortex matter not only advances fundamental understandings of topological defect excitations of Cooper pairing, but also provides new and advantageous platforms for manipulating Majorana zero modes in quantum computing.Comment: final version, 8 pages, 3 figures + supplemental materia

The dependence of tidal stripping efficiency on the satellite and host galaxy morphology

In this paper we study the tidal stripping process for satellite galaxies orbiting around a massive host galaxy, and focus on its dependence on the morphology of both satellite and host galaxy. For this purpose, we use three different morphologies for the satellites: pure disc, pure bulge and a mixture bulge+disc. Two morphologies are used for the host galaxies: bulge+disc and pure bulge. We find that while the spheroidal stellar component experiences a constant power-law like mass removal, the disc is exposed to an exponential mass loss when the tidal radius of the satellite is of the same order of the disc scale length. This dramatic mass loss is able to completely remove the stellar component on time scale of 100 Myears. As a consequence two satellites with the same stellar and dark matter masses, on the same orbit could either retain considerable fraction of their stellar mass after 10 Gyrs or being completely destroyed, depending on their initial stellar morphology. We find that there are two characteristic time scales describing the beginning and the end of the disc removal, whose values are related to the size of the disc. This result can be easily incorporated in semi-analytical models. We also find that the host morphology and the orbital parameters also have an effect on the determining the mass removal, but they are of secondary importance with respect to satellite morphology. We conclude that satellite morphology has a very strong effect on the efficiency of stellar stripping and should be taken into account in modeling galaxy formation and evolution.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in MNRA

Analytic smoothness effect of solutions for spatially homogeneous Landau equation

In this paper, we study the smoothness effect of Cauchy problem for the spatially homogeneous Landau equation in the hard potential case and the Maxwellian molecules case. We obtain the analytic smoothing effect for the solutions under rather weak assumptions on the initial datum.Comment: 16 page

Evaluation of an anaerobic granule biosensor for upset early warning detection

In this study a porous pot reactor was used to simulate an activated sludge stage and an anaerobic granule biosensor (AGB), as an upset early warning system for activated sludge treatment process, was configured in a down-flow mode with a side-stream of the influent wastewater fed to the top. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the porous pot and AGB systems was 12 hours and 6 hours, respectively. The influent was made up of synthetic wastewater. In the first group of toxic loading tests, the prepared cupric chloride solutions were separately injected into both the porous pot and AGB systems at six different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45mg Cu2+/L), and phenol solutions were used at four different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 45mg phenol/L) in the second group of toxic loading tests. In addition, a control study was included for reference. The porous pot reactor and AGB were monitored for pH, ORP, COD, solids, and ammonia concentrations following a simulated toxic event. The COD removal efficiency of porous pot system decreased dramatically in response to the addition of Cu2+ and phenol. The greatest decrease in COD removal efficiency was from 92% to 52% at a Cu2+ concentration of 30 mg/L, and was from 98% to 76% at a phenol concentration of 45mg/L. The longest time of COD removal efficiency continuous decreasing was 23 hours at a Cu2+ concentration of 45 mg/L, and 7 hours at a phenol concentration of 10mg/L. Similar to the response in COD removal, the ammonia removal efficiency decreased significantly after the Cu 2+ shock loading. As the porous pot reactor was challenged with the Cu2+ or phenol shock load, the AGB received an equivalent dose. The most sensitive parameter reflecting the toxic shock load in the AGB was the ORP. The ORP changed more rapidly and uniformly than the pH over both the range of Cu2+ concentrations and phenol concentration tested. The shortest response time to peak was 1 hour after Cu 2+ injection at 5 and10 mg/L, and was 1 hour after phenol injection at 10, 20, and 45mg/L. The longest response time was 5 hours at 15 and 30 mg/L during Cu2+ shock loading tests, and was 3 hours at 30mg/L during phenol shock loading test. Surprisingly, the change of pH in the AGB following Cu2+ or phenol addition was not as noticeable and reliable as the change in the ORP

Synthesis and structures of O-anthrylmethyl-substituted hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes

O-Alkylation of 7,15,23-tri-tert-butyl-25,26,27-trihydroxy-2,3,10,11,18,19-hexahomo-3,11,19-trioxacalix[3]arene (1H₃) with 9-chloromethylanthracene 5 was carried out under different reaction conditions. Variation of the number of anthrylmethyl group introduced at the phenolic rim of hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene 1H₃ was achieved through selective O-alkylation using stoichiometric amounts of 9-chloromethylanthracene 5 in acetone to afford the mono-O-alkylated product 2H₂An, the di-O-alkylated product 3HAn₂ and the tri-O-alkylated product partial-cone-4An₃, respectively. Interestingly, by using an acetone/benzene (1:1 v/v) mixed solvent system, the cone-4An₃ was successfully synthesized. These results suggest that the solvent can also control the conformation of the O-alkylation products. The possible reaction routes of the cone-4An₃ and partial-cone-4An₃ are also discussed