53 research outputs found
Dual topological nonlinear sigma models of theory by dimensional reduction and monopole operators
Nonlinear models (NLSM) with topological terms, i.e.,
Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) terms, or topological NLSM, are potent descriptions of
many critical points and phases beyond the Landau paradigm. These critical
systems include the deconfined quantum critical points (DQCP) between the Neel
order and valance bond solid, and the Dirac spin liquid, in which the
topological NLSMs are dual descriptions of the corresponding fermionic models
or theory. In this paper, we propose a dimensional reduction
scheme to derive the gauged topological NLSM in -dimensional
spacetime on a general target space represented by a Hermitian matrix from the
dual QED theory. Compared with the famous Abanov-Wiegmann (AW) mechanism, which
generally requires the fermions to be Dirac fermions in the infrared (IR), our
method is also applicable to non-relativistic fermions in IR, which can have
quadratic dispersion or even a Fermi surface. As concrete examples, we
construct several two dimensional lattice models, whose IR theories are all the
with fermions of quadratic dispersion and show that its
topological NLSM dual description has level-2 WZW terms on the Grassmannian
manifold coupled with a
dynamical gauge field. We also study 't Hooft anomaly matching
and the same effect of defects in both theories, such as interface, gauge
monopoles and skyrmions, which further support our duality. Finally, we discuss
how the macroscopic symmetries act on the monopole operators and
the corresponding quantum number.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures; Minor improvements of the presentatio
Pair density wave and loop current promoted by van Hove singularities in moir\'e systems
We theoretically show that in the presence of conventional or higher order
van Hove singularities(VHS), the bare finite momentum pairing, also known as
the pair density wave (PDW), susceptibility can be promoted to the same order
of the most divergent bare BCS susceptibility through a valley-contrasting flux
3 in each triangular plaquette at and
in moir\'e systems. This makes the PDW order a possible
leading instability for an electronic system with repulsive interactions. We
confirm that it indeed wins over all other instabilities and becomes the ground
state under certain conditions through the renormalization group calculation
and a flux insertion argument. Moreover, we also find that a topological
nontrivial loop current order becomes the leading instability if the Fermi
surface with conventional VHS is perfectly nested at .
Similar to the Haldane model, this loop current state has the quantum anomalous
Hall effect. If we dope this loop current state or introduce a finite
next-nearest neighbour hopping , the chiral -wave PDW becomes
the dominant instability. Experimentally, the flux can be effectively tuned by
an out-of-plane electric field in moir\'e systems based on graphene and
transition metal dichalcogenides.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figure
Time-Reversal Invariant Topological Moir\'e Flatband: A Platform for the Fractional Quantum Spin Hall Effect
Motivated by recent experimental observation of the quantum spin Hall effect
in monolayer germanene, we study the topological phases of twisted bilayer
Kane-Mele model with time-reversal symmetry and spin conservation. For
large twist angles the helical edge states from the two layers are unstable and
the system is a trivial insulator. At small twist angles however, the emergent
moir\'e flatbands can be topologically nontrivial due to inversion symmetry
breaking from coupling to substrate. Each of these flatbands for each spin
projection admits a lowest-Landau-level description in the chiral limit and at
magic twist angle. This allows for the construction of a many-body Laughlin
state with time-reversal symmetry which can be stabilized by a short-range
pseudopotential, and therefore serves as an ideal platform for realizing the
so-far elusive fractional quantum spin Hall effect with emergent spin-1/2 U(1)
symmetry
The Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Total Glucosides of Peony and Leflunomide for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the total glucosides of peony (TGP) and leflunomide (LEF) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of the combination of TGP and LEF versus LEF alone for the treatment of RA were retrieved by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang database. Results. Eight RCTs including 643 RA patients were included in the present meta-analysis. The quality of included studies was poor. The levels of ESR ( < 0.0001), CRP ( < 0.0001), and RF ( < 0.0001) in RA patients who received the combination of TGP and LEF were significantly lower than RA patients who received LEF therapy alone. The pooled results suggest that the combination of TGP and LEF caused less abnormal liver function than LEF alone ( = 0.02). No significant difference in the gastrointestinal discomfort was identified between the combination of TGP and LEF and LEF alone groups ( = 0.18). Conclusion. The combination of TGP and LEF in treatment of RA presented the characteristics of notably decreasing the levels of laboratory indexes and higher safety in terms of liver function. However, this conclusion should be further investigated based on a larger sample size
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel colchicine-magnolol hybrid for inhibiting the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma in Vitro and in Vivo
Colchicine is a bioactive alkaloid originally from Colchicum autumnale and possesses excellent antiproliferative activity. However, colchicine-associated severe toxicity, gastrointestinal side effects in particular, limits its further therapeutic use. In the current study, we thus designed and synthesized a novel hybrid (CMH) by splicing colchicine and magnolol, a multifunctional polyphenol showing favorable gastrointestinal protection. The antitumor activity of CMH in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was then evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Biologically, CMH inhibited the growth of LLC cells with an IC50 of 0.26 μM, 100 times more potently than cisplatin (26.05 μM) did. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of CMH was 10-fold lower than that of colchicine in normal human lung cells (BEAS-2B). In C57BL/6 mice xenograft model, CMH (0.5 mg/kg) worked as efficacious as colchicine (0.5 mg/kg) to inhibit tumor growth and 2 times more potently than cisplatin (1 mg/kg). In terms of mortality, 7 out of 10 mice died in colchicine group (0.75 mg/kg), while no death was observed in groups receiving CMH or cisplatin at 0.75 mg/kg. Mechanistic studies using Western blot revealed that CMH dose-dependently suppressed the protein expression of phosphorylated ERK. Molecular docking analysis further indicated that CMH was well fitted in the colchicine binding site of tubulin and formed several hydrogen bonds with tubulin protein. These results enable our novel hybrid CMH as a potential antineoplastic agent with lower toxicity, and provide perquisites for further investigation to confirm the therapeutic potentiality of this novel hybrid
Development of lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system based on virtual reality technology
Nowadays, with the development of the proportion of the elderly population in the world, several problems caused by the population aging gradually into people's horizons. One of the biggest problems plagued the vast majority of the elderly is hemiplegia, which leads to the vigorous development of the physical therapists. However, these traditional methods of physical therapy mainly rely on the skill of the physical therapists. In order to make up the defects of traditional methods, many research groups have developed different kinds of robots for lower limb rehabilitation training but most of them can only realize passive training which cannot adopt rehabilitation training based on the patients' individual condition effectively and they do not have a rehabilitation evaluation system to assess the real time training condition of the hemiplegic patients effectively. In order to solve the problems above, this paper proposed a lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system which is based on the virtual reality technology. This system has an easy observation of the human-computer interaction interface and the doctor is able to adjust the rehabilitation training direct at different patients in different rehabilitation stage based on this lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system. Compared with current techniques, this novel lower limb rehabilitation evaluation system is expected to have significant impacts in medical rehabilitation robot field
Pair-density-wave and chiral superconductivity in twisted bilayer transition-metal-dichalcogenides
We theoretically explore possible unconventional superconductivity induced by
weak repulsive interactions in twisted bilayer TMD (e.g. WSe) in the
presence of an out-of-plane electric field. Using renormalization group (RG)
analysis, we show that topological chiral superconducting states with Chern
number (namely , , ) appear over a large
parameter region with moire filling factor around . At some special values
of applied electric field and in the presence of a weak out-of-plane Zeeman
field, spin-polarized pair density wave (PDW) superconductivity can emerge.
This spin-polarized PDW state can be probed by experiments such as
spin-polarized STM measuring spin-resolved pairing gap and quasi-particle
interference. Moreover, the spin-polarized PDW could lead to spin-polarized
superconducting diode effect.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figs with supplementary materia
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