791 research outputs found
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An intervention trial targeting methadone maintenance treatment providers to improve clients' treatment retention in China.
BackgroundService providers including doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals play an essential role in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study evaluated the impact of an intervention targeting MMT providers on their clients' treatment retention.MethodsThis study was conducted in 68 MMT clinics in five provinces of China with 36 clients randomly selected from each clinic. The clinics were randomized to intervention or control condition. The MMT CARE intervention started with group sessions to enhance providers' communication skills. The trained providers were encouraged to conduct individual sessions with clients to promote treatment engagement. The outcomes, which include client retention (main outcome) and their reception of provider-delivered individual sessions (process outcome), were measured over a 24-month period.ResultsSignificantly fewer intervention clients dropped out from MMT than control clients during the study period (31% vs. 41%; p < 0.0001). Dropout hazard was significantly lower in the intervention condition compared to the control condition (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.89). More intervention clients had individual sessions than control clients (93% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). Having individual sessions was associated with a significantly lower dropout hazard (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.40). The intervention clients had a significantly lower dropout hazard than the control clients if they started the individual sessions during the first six months (HR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.90).ConclusionsThe MMT CARE intervention focusing on provider capacity building has demonstrated efficacy in reducing clients' treatment dropout. This study sheds light on MMT service improvement in China and other global community-based harm reduction programs
UniNeXt: Exploring A Unified Architecture for Vision Recognition
Vision Transformers have shown great potential in computer vision tasks. Most
recent works have focused on elaborating the spatial token mixer for
performance gains. However, we observe that a well-designed general
architecture can significantly improve the performance of the entire backbone,
regardless of which spatial token mixer is equipped. In this paper, we propose
UniNeXt, an improved general architecture for the vision backbone. To verify
its effectiveness, we instantiate the spatial token mixer with various typical
and modern designs, including both convolution and attention modules. Compared
with the architecture in which they are first proposed, our UniNeXt
architecture can steadily boost the performance of all the spatial token
mixers, and narrows the performance gap among them. Surprisingly, our UniNeXt
equipped with naive local window attention even outperforms the previous
state-of-the-art. Interestingly, the ranking of these spatial token mixers also
changes under our UniNeXt, suggesting that an excellent spatial token mixer may
be stifled due to a suboptimal general architecture, which further shows the
importance of the study on the general architecture of vision backbone. All
models and codes will be publicly available
AxWin Transformer: A Context-Aware Vision Transformer Backbone with Axial Windows
Recently Transformer has shown good performance in several vision tasks due
to its powerful modeling capabilities. To reduce the quadratic complexity
caused by the attention, some outstanding work restricts attention to local
regions or extends axial interactions. However, these methos often lack the
interaction of local and global information, balancing coarse and fine-grained
information. To address this problem, we propose AxWin Attention, which models
context information in both local windows and axial views. Based on the AxWin
Attention, we develop a context-aware vision transformer backbone, named AxWin
Transformer, which outperforming the state-of-the-art methods in both
classification and downstream segmentation and detection tasks
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Job Satisfaction Among Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinic Service Providers in Jiangsu, China: A Cross-sectional Survey.
ObjectiveService providers' job satisfaction is critical to the stability of the work force and thereby the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs. This study aimed to explore MMT clinic service providers' job satisfaction and associated factors in Jiangsu, China.MethodsThis secondary study used baseline data of a randomized interventional trial implemented in Jiangsu, China. A survey was conducted among 76 MMT service providers using the computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) method. Job satisfaction responses were assessed via a 30-item scale, with a higher score indicating a higher level of job satisfaction. Perceived institutional support and perceived stigma due to working with drug users were measured using a 9-item scale. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with job satisfaction.ResultsCorrelation analyses found a significant association between job satisfaction and having professional experience in the prevention and control of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections, or other infectious diseases (P = 0.046). Multiple regression analyses revealed that working at MMT clinics affiliated with Center for Disease Control and Prevention sites was associated with a lower level of job satisfaction (P = 0.014), and perception of greater institutional support (P = 0.001) was associated with a higher level of job satisfaction.ConclusionJob satisfaction among MMT clinic service providers was moderate in our study. Our findings suggest that institutional support for providers should be improved, and that acquisition of additional expertise should be encouraged
RegionBLIP: A Unified Multi-modal Pre-training Framework for Holistic and Regional Comprehension
In this work, we investigate extending the comprehension of Multi-modal Large
Language Models (MLLMs) to regional objects. To this end, we propose to extract
features corresponding to regional objects as soft prompts for LLM, which
provides a straightforward and scalable approach and eliminates the need for
LLM fine-tuning. To effectively extract regional features from regular image
features and irregular point cloud features, we present a novel and unified
position-assisted feature extraction module. Furthermore, training an MLLM from
scratch is highly time-consuming. Thus, we propose incrementally extending
existing pre-trained MLLMs to comprehend more modalities and the regional
objects of those modalities. Specifically, we freeze the Q-Former from BLIP-2,
an impressive MLLM, and optimize the modality-specific Lora parameters in
Q-Former and LLM for each newly introduced modality. The freezing of the
Q-Former eliminates the need for extensive pre-training on massive image-text
data. The freezed Q-Former pre-trained from massive image-text data is also
beneficial for the pre-training on image-region-text data. We name our
framework RegionBLIP. We pre-train RegionBLIP on image-region-text,
point-cloud-text, and point-cloud-region-text data. Experimental results verify
that \Ours{} can preserve the image comprehension capability of BILP-2 and
further gain a comprehension of the newly introduced point cloud modality and
regional objects. The Data, Code, and Pre-trained models will be available at
https://github.com/mightyzau/RegionBLIP
Data Pruning via Moving-one-Sample-out
In this paper, we propose a novel data-pruning approach called
moving-one-sample-out (MoSo), which aims to identify and remove the least
informative samples from the training set. The core insight behind MoSo is to
determine the importance of each sample by assessing its impact on the optimal
empirical risk. This is achieved by measuring the extent to which the empirical
risk changes when a particular sample is excluded from the training set.
Instead of using the computationally expensive leaving-one-out-retraining
procedure, we propose an efficient first-order approximator that only requires
gradient information from different training stages. The key idea behind our
approximation is that samples with gradients that are consistently aligned with
the average gradient of the training set are more informative and should
receive higher scores, which could be intuitively understood as follows: if the
gradient from a specific sample is consistent with the average gradient vector,
it implies that optimizing the network using the sample will yield a similar
effect on all remaining samples. Experimental results demonstrate that MoSo
effectively mitigates severe performance degradation at high pruning ratios and
achieves satisfactory performance across various settings.Comment: Accepted by the Thirty-seventh Conference on Neural Information
Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2023
Genome-scale identification of Caenorhabditis elegans regulatory elements by tiling-array mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A major goal of post-genomics research is the integrated analysis of genes, regulatory elements and the chromatin architecture on a genome-wide scale. Mapping DNase I hypersensitive sites within the nuclear chromatin is a powerful and well-established method of identifying regulatory element candidates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we report the first genome-wide analysis of DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in <it>Caenorhabditis elegans</it>. The data was obtained by hybridizing DNase I-treated and end-captured material from young adult worms to a high-resolution tiling microarray. The data show that <it>C. elegans </it>DHSs were significantly enriched within intergenic regions located 2 kb upstream and downstream of coding genes, and also that a considerable fraction of all DHSs mapped to intergenic positions distant to annotated coding genes. Annotated transcribed loci were generally depleted in DHSs relative to intergenic regions, but DHSs were nonetheless enriched in coding exons and UTRs, whereas introns were significantly depleted in DHSs. Many DHSs appeared to be associated with annotated non-coding RNAs and recently detected transcripts of unknown function. It has been reported that nematode highly conserved non-coding elements were associated with cis-regulatory elements, and we also found that DHSs, particularly distal intergenic DHSs, were significantly enriched in regions that were conserved between the <it>C. elegans </it>and <it>C. briggsae </it>genomes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We describe the first genome-wide analysis of <it>C. elegans </it>DHSs, and show that the distribution of DHSs is strongly associated with functional elements in the genome.</p
Robust Super-Resolution Imaging Based on a Ring Core Fiber with Orbital Angular Momentum
Single fiber imaging technology offers unique insights for research and
inspection in difficult to reach and narrow spaces. In particular,
ultra-compact multimode fiber (MMF) imaging, has received increasing interest
over the past decade. However, MMF imaging will be seriously distorted when
subjected to dynamic perturbations due to time-varying mode coupling, and the
imaging of space objects via Gaussian beam will be relatively degraded at the
edge due to insufficient contrast. Here, a robust super-resolution imaging
method based on a ring core fiber (RCF) with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has
been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The OAM modes propagating in the
RCF form a series of weakly-coupled mode groups, making our imaging system
robust to external perturbations. In addition, a spiral phase plate is used as
a vortex filter to produce OAM for edge enhancement, thus improving the image
resolution. Furthermore, a few-shot U-Transformer neural network is proposed to
enhance the resilience of the developed RCF-OAM imaging system against
environmental perturbations. Finally, the developed RCF-OAM imaging system
achieves biological image transmission, demonstrating the practicality of our
scheme. This pioneering RCF OAM imaging system may have broad applications,
potentially revolutionising fields such as biological imaging and industrial
non-destructive testing
Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Cold Tolerance in a Core Collection of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces by Using High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers From Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing
Understanding the genetic mechanism of cold tolerance in rice is important to mine elite genes from rice landraces and breed excellent cultivars for this trait. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using high-density single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology from a core collection of landraces of rice. A total of 67,511 SNPs obtained from 116,643 SLAF tags were used for genotyping the 150 accessions of rice landraces in the Ting’s rice core collection. A compressed mixed liner model was used to perform GWAS by using the high-density SNPs for cold tolerance in rice landraces at the seedling stage. A total of 26 SNPs were found to be significantly (P < 1.48 × 10-7) associated with cold tolerance, which could explained phenotypic variations ranging from 26 to 33%. Among them, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were mapped closely to the previously cloned/mapped genes or QTLs for cold tolerance. A newly identified QTL for cold tolerance in rice was further characterized by sequencing, real time-polymerase chain reaction, and bioinformatics analyses. One candidate gene, i.e., Os01g0620100, showed different gene expression levels between the cold tolerant and sensitive landraces under cold stress. We found the difference of coding amino acid in Os01g0620100 between cold tolerant and sensitive landraces caused by polymorphism within the coding domain sequence. In addition, the prediction of Os01g0620100 protein revealed a WD40 domain that was frequently found in cold tolerant landraces. Therefore, we speculated that Os01g0620100 was highly important for the response to cold stress in rice. These results indicated that rice landraces are important sources for investigating rice cold tolerance, and the mapping results might provide important information to breed cold-tolerant rice cultivars by using marker-assisted selection
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