Wheat take-all

"Take-all is a root and crown disease of winter wheat that interrupts plant development and may seriously suppress yields. It is a common problem in the winter wheat regions of Southwestern and Northwestern North America, and it occurs occasionally on winter wheat in Missouri."--First page.J. Al Wrather and Al Hoggard (Departments of Plant Pathology and Agronomy, College of Agriculture)New 10/83/10

Armillaria root rot in fruit orchards

"Armillaria root is usually considered to be a disease affecting forest trees, but it can cause significant losses in orchards. The pathogen, a fungus known as Armillaria mellea, will kill trees, and its persistence in the soil for many years can prevent the re-establishment of productive orchards on infested sites."--First page.Al Wrather and Henry F. DiCarlo (Departments of Plant Pathology and Horticulture, College of Agriculture)New 5/85/4

Foliar diseases of wheat

"Powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, Septoria glume blotch, and leaf rust damage Missouri's wheat crop each year. When severe, these diseases can reduce wheat yields as much as 25 percent. You can reduce the crop damage they cause by accurately diagnosing the diseases and by using proper controls. This guide describes the symptoms of and controls for these four wheat diseases."--First page.J. Al Wrather and Einar W. Palm (Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture)New 1/86/6

Controlling diseases of grain sorghum

"Diseases damage the grain sorghum (milo) crop in Missouri each year. They limit production and reduce profits. Many of these diseases can be controlled by using resistant varieties or through cultural practices, but the disease must be identified first, and then the proper control technique must be used. This guide will help you identify and select control measures for the most common grain sorghum diseases in Missouri."--First page.J. Al Wrather and Einar W. Palm (Department of Plant Pathology College of Agriculture)New 1/83/7

Anthracnose of shade trees

"This guide describes the symptoms of the anthracnose diseases on various trees and provides recommendations for control."--First page.J. Al Wrather and Einar W. Palm (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture)New 2/86/6

Genome Sequence Analyses of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea and Subtractive Hybridization-Based Comparative Genomics with Nine Pseudomonads

Bacterial blight, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (Psg), is a common disease of soybean. In an effort to compare a current field isolate with one isolated in the early 1960s, the genomes of two Psg strains, race 4 and B076, were sequenced using 454 pyrosequencing. The genomes of both Psg strains share more than 4,900 highly conserved genes, indicating very low genetic diversity between Psg genomes. Though conserved, genome rearrangements and recombination events occur commonly within the two Psg genomes. When compared to each other, 437 and 163 specific genes were identified in B076 and race 4, respectively. Most specific genes are plasmid-borne, indicating that acquisition and maintenance of plasmids may represent a major mechanism to change the genetic composition of the genome and even acquire new virulence factors. Type three secretion gene clusters of Psg strains are near identical with that of P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Pph) strain 1448A and they shared 20 common effector genes. Furthermore, the coronatine biosynthetic cluster is present on a large plasmid in strain B076, but not in race 4. In silico subtractive hybridization-based comparative genomic analyses with nine sequenced phytopathogenic pseudomonads identified dozens of specific islands (SIs), and revealed that the genomes of Psg strains are more similar to those belonging to the same genomospecies such as Pph 1448A than to other phytopathogenic pseudomonads. The number of highly conserved genes (core genome) among them decreased dramatically when more genomes were included in the subtraction, suggesting the diversification of pseudomonads, and further indicating the genome heterogeneity among pseudomonads. However, the number of specific genes did not change significantly, suggesting these genes are indeed specific in Psg genomes. These results reinforce the idea of a species complex of P. syringae and support the reclassification of P. syringae into different species

Cedar-apple rust (1986)

"In Missouri, cedar-apple rust can be a destructive apple disease if you don't use adequate controls. It also attacks red cedars, as the name implies, causing unsightly galls, but damage is usually minimal. Understanding of the disease cycle of this rust fungus is necessary for proper identification."--First page.J. Al Wrather, Einar W. Palm, W. Hal Shaffer (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture)New 2/86/6

Cedar-apple rust (1988)

"In Missouri, cedar-apple rust can be a destructive apple disease if you don't use adequate controls. It also attacks red cedars, as the name implies, causing unsightly galls, but damage is usually minimal. Understanding of the disease cycle of this rust fungus is necessary for proper identification and control."--First page.J. Al Wrather, Einar W. Palm, W. Hal Shaffer (Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture)Revised 10/88/6