Excitation's lifetime extracted from electron-photon (EELS-CL) nanosecond-scale temporal coincidences

Electron-photon temporal correlations in electron energy loss (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopies have recently been used to measure the relative quantum efficiency of materials. This combined spectroscopy, named Cathodoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (CLE), allows the identification of excitation and decay channels which are hidden in average measurements. Here, we demonstrate that CLE can also be used to measure excitation's decay time. In addition, the decay time as a function of the excitation energy is accessed, as the energy for each electron-photon pair is probed. We used two well-known insulating materials to characterize this technique, nanodiamonds with \textit{NV$^0$} defect emission and h-BN with a \textit{4.1 eV} defect emission. Both also exhibit marked transition radiations, whose extremely short decay times can be used to characterize the instrumental response function. It is found to be typically 2 ns, in agreement with the expected limit of the EELS detector temporal resolution. The measured lifetimes of \textit{NV$^0$} centers in diamond nanoparticles (20 to 40 ns) and \textit{4.1 eV} defect in h-BN flakes ($<$ 2 ns) matches those reported for those materials previously

The Ksanabhangasiddhi-Anvayatmika : An eleventh-century Buddhist work on existence and causal theory

The Ksanabhan˙gasiddhi-Anvayātmikā (KSA) is an authoritative work on Buddhist logic and ontology written in the eleventh century by Ratnakīrti who belonged to the University of Vikramaśīla in Bengal. This work continues the Buddhist Pramāna tradition founded by Dignāga (480–540 C.E.) and elaborated by Dharmakīrti (600–660 C.E.). The KSA deals with many of the central topics of Indian philosophical discourse in the course of defending the Buddhist doctrine of momentariness against the rival Naiy¯yikas. The highlight is its penetrating analysis of the nature of existence and causality. Ratnakirti had detailed knowledge of the earlier writers belonging to both his and his opponents\u27 traditions. As a work written at a pivotal time in the history of Indian philosophy, the KSA reflects the culmination of a style of debate, and shows all facets of classical scholarship on logic. This dissertation comprises three major sections. The first section is a brief review of the author and the work. The second section summarizes the notion of existence and the causal theory. It compares the Ksanabhan˙gavādins\u27 positions as represented by Ratnakīrti to the Naiyāyikas\u27 views. The third section consists of the text and a translation with critical study. This section improves upon the previous editions of H. Śārtī and A. Thakur by incorporating material from two manuscripts and quotations from the original sources of Ratnakīrti\u27s predecessors and their opponents. Extensive discussion is given to each argument in the notes together with identifying its background and explicating certain key philosophical terms

How to Attain Enlightenment? The Pramāṇa and the Chan Schools on the Practice of Meditation

Throughout the history of Buddhism, the main goal of Buddhists has been to attain enlightenment. This paper investigates how the Pramāṇa and the Chan schools define enlightenment and their ways of attaining it. The Pramāṇa school deals with enlightenment and problems relevant to it in terms of yogipratyakṣa, or the intuition of an omniscient being (sarvajña). On the other hand, the Chan school developed gongan meditation, which leads to enlightenment by contemplating a huatou, the key phrase of a gongan. This paper focuses on examining and comparing the following issues in these two schools: (1) the motivations for seeking enlightenment, (2) the role of meditation in each, and (3) the process of attaining enlightenment

The Ksanabhangasiddhi-Anvayatmika : An eleventh-century Buddhist work on existence and causal theory

The Ksanabhan˙gasiddhi-Anvayātmikā (KSA) is an authoritative work on Buddhist logic and ontology written in the eleventh century by Ratnakīrti who belonged to the University of Vikramaśīla in Bengal. This work continues the Buddhist Pramāna tradition founded by Dignāga (480–540 C.E.) and elaborated by Dharmakīrti (600–660 C.E.). The KSA deals with many of the central topics of Indian philosophical discourse in the course of defending the Buddhist doctrine of momentariness against the rival Naiy¯yikas. The highlight is its penetrating analysis of the nature of existence and causality. Ratnakirti had detailed knowledge of the earlier writers belonging to both his and his opponents\u27 traditions. As a work written at a pivotal time in the history of Indian philosophy, the KSA reflects the culmination of a style of debate, and shows all facets of classical scholarship on logic. This dissertation comprises three major sections. The first section is a brief review of the author and the work. The second section summarizes the notion of existence and the causal theory. It compares the Ksanabhan˙gavādins\u27 positions as represented by Ratnakīrti to the Naiyāyikas\u27 views. The third section consists of the text and a translation with critical study. This section improves upon the previous editions of H. Śārtī and A. Thakur by incorporating material from two manuscripts and quotations from the original sources of Ratnakīrti\u27s predecessors and their opponents. Extensive discussion is given to each argument in the notes together with identifying its background and explicating certain key philosophical terms

On the Origin and Conceptual Development of ‘Essence-Function’ (<i>ti-yong</i>)

&#8216;Essence-function&#8217; (ti-yong 體用), also called &#8216;substance-function,&#8217; has been a constant topic of debate in monastic and academic communities in China. One group of scholars insists that the concept is derived from the Confucian tradition, while the other maintains that it originates with the Buddhist tradition. These opposing opinions are not merely the arguments of antiquity, but have persisted to our present time. This paper investigates the concept of &#8216;essence-function,&#8217; focusing on its origin and conceptual development in the Buddhist and the Confucian traditions. This concept has become a basic framework of Chinese religions. Its root appears already in ancient Confucian and Daoist works such as the Xunzi and the Zhouyi cantong qi. It is, however, through the influence of Buddhism that &#8216;essence&#8217; and &#8216;function&#8217; became a paradigm used as an exegetical, hermeneutical and syncretic tool for interpreting Chinese philosophical works. This dual concept played a central role not only in the assimilation of Indian Buddhism in China during its earlier phases but also in the formation of Neo-Confucianism in medieval times. This paper shows that the paradigm constituted by &#8216;essence&#8217; and &#8216;function&#8217; resulted not from the doctrinal conflicts between Confucianism and Buddhism but from the interactions between them

Dataset to manuscript Excitation's lifetime extracted from electron-photon (EELS-CL) nanosecond-scale temporal coincidences

&lt;p&gt;The datasets provided are raw data after the initial electron-photon temporal lists have been analyzed to determine the electron-photon pairs and their temporal delay. These lists are too long and not very meaningful to be provided in full.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The datasets were analyzed with the following Python libraries: Numpy 1.23.5, Matplotlib 3.6.2, Scipy 1.10.0, Hyperspy 1.7.3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The provided jupyter notebooks were used to generate the figures in the manuscript.&lt;/p&gt