THE USE OF INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS TO IDENTIFY BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS OF PERFORMANCE IN CRICKET FAST BOWLERS

The role of a cricket bowler is to deliver the ball in such a way as to minimise batsmen scoring runs or get them out. Fast bowlers utilise the pace of delivery as a key tool to achieve this. The purpose of this study was to use inertial measurement units (IMUs) to investigate the relationship between IMU derived spinal kinematics, lower limb accelerations and ball release speed in cricket fast bowlers. Sacral vertical loading rate at back-foot impact and thoracic lateral flexion at front-foot impact displayed significant positive relationships with ball release speed (r=.521 and .629 respectively). Consequently, this study highlights IMUs are able to effectively identify trends in fast bowling performance and hence, larger accelerations at back-foot impact with increased lateral flexion at front-foot impact were effective strategies to increase ball release speed for the bowlers measured in this study

Catalysis and Equilibrium in Acidolysis of Esters

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Out of the Recent Darkness and into the New Light: Managerial Implications Emerging from the Martin-Zimmerman Encounter

This paper revisits the encounter between George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin from two perspectives: the co-production of public safety and public order and black crimmythology. Co-production is associated with the expanding and often unpredictable role that community residents, formal and informal communal organizations and nongovernmental institutions play in assisting public agencies in developing and implementing public services (Whitaker 1980; Parks et al. 1981). Black crimmythology is a term used to describe the historical and contemporary conflation of blackness, maleness, and criminality in the mind of the American public (Close 1997). The objectives of this analysis goes beyond ascertaining the guilt, innocence, or proper role of Mr. Zimmerman, but seek to illumine the various historical and contemporary challenges that impact the co-production of police services which this encounter has dramatically underscored and highlight the managerial implications that have emerged

The Role of Organizational and Interorganizational Factors on Planned Adoption of Electronic Commerce

Internet technologies, especially the World Wide Web, are predicted to lead to changes in the transfer of information between trading partners. This paper focuses on identifying organizational and interorganizational factors which will impact the planned adoption of electronic commerce. The interorganizational system will become successfulonly if those factors which are found to have an impact on the adoption of the innovation are handled effectively by the system. Prior to the planned adoption these factors need to be evaluated and managed to ensure a successful adoptio

Validity and reliability of innovative field measurements of tibial accelerations and spinal kinematics during cricket fast bowling

The use of inertial sensors in fast bowling analysis may offer a cheaper and portable alternative to current methodologies. However, no previous studies have assessed the validity and reliability of such methods. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of collecting tibial accelerations and spinal kinematics using inertial sensors during in vivo fast bowling. Thirty-five elite male fast bowlers volunteered for this study. An accelerometer attached to the skin over the tibia was used to determine impacts and inertial sensors over the S1, L1 and T1 spinous processes used to derive the relative kinematics. These measurements were compared to optoelectronic and force plate data for validity analysis. Most acceleration and kinematics variables measured report significant correlations > 0.8 with the corresponding gold standard measurement, with intraclass correlation coefficients greater than 0.7. Low standard error of measurement and consequently small minimum detectable change (MDC) values were also observed. This study demonstrates that inertial sensors are as valid and reliable as current methods of fast bowling analysis and may provide some advantages over traditional methods. The novel metrics and methods described in this study may aid coaches and practitioners in the design and monitoring of fast bowling technique. Graphical abstract illustrating the synopsis of the findings from this paper