Admitting Human Error in the Workplace - The Mindset Shift to Attaining Operational Resilience

PresentationA principal mindset among organizational leaders and managers is the belief that the end goal of attaining human reliability is to achieve flawless performance of job tasking. Despite persistent efforts to enforce compliance, nearly 90% of incidents are still being attributed to human influences at their source. A contemporary perspective sees error as product of the operational system. Human error is accepted as ubiquitous and cannot be categorically eliminated through engineering, automation or process controls. Error is embraced as a system product rather than an obstacle; sources of error are minimized and programs focus on recognition of error in order to disturb its pathway to becoming failure. Achieving safe, reliable and resilient operations begins with a mindset shift in the way leaders view their operation, particularly the human agent within a dynamic, multi-dimensional concurrence where choices are made and actions are taken that lead to outcomes both desired and undesired

Color tolerance: A comparison of the method of constant stimuli and the gray scale comaprison method on a CRT

This research compares two psychophysical methods, the method of constant stimuli and the gray scale comparison method. Three color centers were chosen: Red(L*=47.4, a*=61.90, b*=49.5), Green(L*=65.00, a*=-67.6, b*=54.60), and Gray(L*=60, a*=0.00, b*=0,00). Each color center varied in three different directions, L*, C*, and H*. Ten color difference samples were chosen for each color center in each direction, for a total of 30 different samples for the red and green color centers and 10 samples for the gray color center. Each method employed the same three color centers. The sample paris were compared with a neutral anchor pair stimulus of 1.0 ?Eab*. In total there are 70 different color difference samples in each comparison method. 30 observers participated in the experiment where in each experiment they compared 70 different color difference samples in each experiment for a total of 140 observations. The entire experiment consisted of a total of 4,200 observations. The statistical method of probit analysis was utilized to determine results for the method of constant stimuli. Reuslts from the gray scale comparison method were analyzed using a polynomial equation fit to the gray scale differences. The differences between the results of the two methods are due to differences soley in the two psychophysical techniques since the stimuli were identical in both experiments. These differences may in part explain discrepencies found between laboratories emplying the different techniques. David C. Wilbur is currently a semior at the Rochester Institute of Technology. His major field of study is in the Imaging Science with a concentration in Color Science. His research interests include, application of color theory in the industrial environment, printing, and color management techniques

UPPER GREAT LAKES TRANSPORTATION IMPACT FORECASTING SYSTEM

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury among Patients Treated with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Meropenem in Combination with Vancomycin

Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases during empirical antimicrobial therapy with the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin (VAN) compared to the number of incidences with monotherapy or the combination of cefepime and VAN. Limited data regarding the impact of meropenem (MEM) combined with VAN exist. This study examined the AKI incidence among patients treated with MEM plus VAN (MEM+VAN) or TZP+VAN. Data were collected from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science Enterprise Data Trust from September 2007 through October 2015. Adults without previous renal disease who received MEM+VAN or TZP+VAN for at least 2 days were included. AKI was assessed using risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage (RIFLE) criteria. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was utilized to control for differences between groups. In total, 10,236 patients met inclusion criteria, with 9,898 receiving TZP+VAN and 338 receiving MEM+VAN. AKI occurred in 15.4% of MEM+VAN patients and in 27.4% of TZP+VAN patients (P \u3c 0.001). TZP+VAN was associated with increased AKI compared to the level with MEM+VAN (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 3.52), after controlling for confounders. Use of MEM+VAN should be considered an appropriate alternative therapy to TZP+VAN if nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The results of this study demonstrate that judicial use of TZP+VAN for empirical coverage of infection is needed

IMPLAN MODELING APPLICATIONS IN STATE AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Correlation between hybrid capture II high-risk human papillomavirus DNA test chemiluminescence intensity from cervical samples with follow-up histologic results

BACKGROUND: The Hybrid Capture II high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA test is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved nucleic acid hybridization assay using chemiluminescence for the semiquantitative detection of hrHPV in cervical samples. Patient samples and controls are used to calculate results as negative for hrHPV if 2.5, and “equivocal” if between 1.0 and 2.5. METHODS: The authors reported on the cervical histologic results of 209 patients demonstrating “equivocal” results for hrHPV from SurePath (204 patients) or ThinPrep (5 patients) vials, and compared patients in this cohort with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology on the index cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test (Group 1; n = 148 patients) with a patient cohort demonstrating unequivocal positive hrHPV test results (Group 2; n = 148 patients). The chemiluminescence intensity of hrHPV tests from patients in Group 2 were correlated with the presence and severity of dysplasia on subsequent histologic results, and patients were thereby stratified for their subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) types II/III. RESULTS: Approximately 97% of hrHPV tests demonstrating “equivocal” results were found to be positive at the time of retesting, and 15% of biopsied cases demonstrated CIN II or III. Results of follow-up histology after an ASC-US diagnosis, expressed as a percentage of the biopsied cohort, were: CIN II/III: 16.5% in Group 1 and 22.4% in Group 2; CIN I: 27% in Group 1 and 23.5% in Group 2; and negative: 56.5% in Group 1 and 54.1% in Group 2. Chemiluminescence intensity did not appear to be correlated with the severity of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of high-grade CIN in the “equivocal” hrHPV cohort is highly significant and therefore the management of these patients should be similar to the unequivocally positive population. After an unequivocal positive hrHPV test, the hrHPV chemiluminescence intensity does not appear to further predict the rate of high-grade CIN. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77987/1/20093_ftp.pd