The existence of the Ahmadiyya in Indonesian democracy: a struggle for survival in the midst of the Islamic-movement competition

This article attempts to portray the competition of forces in the Indonesian democratic system, with the Ahmadiyya movement as the test case for the “contestation”. This article takes into account the reformation era as the landscape of the study, since this era opens a relatively wider opportunity for many entities to freely express their ideas and actions. Exploring the socio-political approach, this study comes up with the following findings: first, in the sociological domain, as predicted by Dawam Rahardjo, moderates defeat radical Indonesian Islam as the former outnumber the latter. However, in the political domain, as pointed out by Martin van Bruinessen, since the moderate Islam is just a silent majority, then the radical Islam wins the competition - marked by the issuance of the SKB Tiga Menteri, because the factor at work in the winning of this political competition is more on the “logic of power”, rather than the “power of logic”. The victory of the radical Islam in the political domain in turn implies at the failure of the Ahmadiyya movement in its struggle for survival in Indonesia

Genistein Increase Intracellular Distribution of the High Motility Group Box-1 Through P38 Pathway in HeLa Culture Cells Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Cervical cancer is one kind of many cancer that cause death to women around the world. Many studies had support the statement that inflammation has a strong linkage with cancer development. Several factors like proinflammatory factor can influence tumor cell microenvironment, and induce a faster proliferation. TNF-α is suspected can induce proliferation. While cancer itself can induce inflammation, which is marked by several marker. One of them is HMGB1, released from the cell as active secretory lysosomes or passive diffusion. Genistein has demonstrated growth inhibitory effects of various types of cancer cells. It inhibits tyrosine kinase pathway, which can be activated by TNF-α. One of those pathways that have the link with proliferation is p38. This study tries to reveal about inhibitory effect of genistein toward p38 pathway that had been activated by TNF-α. This research was conducted by exposing cultured HeLa cells with various doses of genistein for 90 minutes, and then exposed to TNF - α 10 ng / mL for 20 minutes. Observations were made with a confocal microscope, by staining the cells with pp38-TRITC and HMGB1 antibody. The intensity was measured and analyzed by Fluoview software. The results suggest that there be significant differences between pp38 intranuclear intensity and HMGB1 extranuclear intensity of each dose of genistein (p = 0.000, ANOVA). pp38 and HMGB1 intensity were increased along with increasing genistein dose, but at high dose there were noted decreasing of pp38 and HMGB1 intensity. At apoptotic dose, pp38 and HMGB1 intensity were increased markedly, showing the effect of apoptosis. In general, increasing doses of genistein increase intranuclear p38 activation and HMGB1 extranuclear translocation. So there were a strong linkage between p38 activation and HMGB1 translocation in this study

Standardized Centella Asiatica Increased Brain- Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Decreased Apoptosis of Dopaminergic Neuron in Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish

Rotenone is a pesticide that is widely used to kill insects and nuisance fish in lakes. Its used as Parkinson’s Disease (PD) model inducer. The mechanism of toxicity of rotenone is primarily mediated by its potential as mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Centella asiatica (CA) is known as neurotonic, but how its potential protection in Parkinsonism is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of CA to Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as a neuroprotectant and apoptosis as hallmark of PD in rotenone-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio). Besides, we also measured the zebrafish motility and dopamine (DA) level in the brain. We used adult zebrafish (8 months). Its exposed to 5 g/L rotenone and co-incubated with methanolic extract of CA by several concentrations which are 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL for 28 days. Motility observed for 5 minutes at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Measurement DA by ELISA, BDNF and apoptosis by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that CA significantly (p<0.05) increased motility and dopamine level in all concentration of extract. Interestingly, BDNF expression in 5 and 10 μg/mL groups had no significantly difference to the control group. Concentration 10 μg/mL could protect dopaminergic neuron from rotenone toxicity due to significantly (p<0.05) decreased compare to rotenone group. Together, these data suggest that methanolic extract of CA could protect Parkinsonian syndrome conserved dopaminergic neuron through increasing BDNF as neurotrophic factor

Sudden Cardiac Death Prediction Using Poincaré Plot of RR Interval Differences (PORRID)

Abstract Installation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) requires the accurate identification of patients condition. This study uses RR interval data obtained from ECG recordings of non-SCD and SCD prospective subjects. The successive RR interval data was used as input for Poincaré plot of RR Interval Differences (PORRID). The points in the PORRID were colored base on position of current and previous points as green, red, and yellow color. The identified characteristics of subject who will experience SCD was used as the basis for prediction of SCD events. The experimental result show that sudden cardiac death can be predicted using PORRID by the accuracy of 85%, in up to 20 hours before the onset of SCD

Hypoxia in Mesenchymal Stem Cell

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells with self-renewal properties and ability to differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues. This chapter overviews effects of hypoxia on MSCs, makes it promising therapy to various diseases. Cultivation of MSCs under hypoxic condition results in variety of outcome that is important to be noted in clinical use. In most studies, hypoxic condition appears to increase proliferation, differentiation, and immune regulatory performance of MSCs without affecting its characteristic. Those benefits are therefore utilized in clinical application. However, there are also studies that report on negative effects of hypoxia in MSCs such as chromosomal instability. Molecular mechanism of MSCs in hypoxic condition is provided for better understanding, which is crucial for further development with better outcome

Analysis of quercetin and kaempferol levels in various phase of flowers Melastoma malabathricum L.

Melastoma malabathricum L. flowers are part of a plant that contains quercetin and kaempferol. Quercetin and kaempferol are useful for their antioxidant and anticancer properties. The flowering phase affects levels of quercetin and kaempferol. There are four phases of flower blooming: 1st bud phase (K1), 2nd bud phase (K2), 3rd bud phase (K3), and flower bloom (M). It remains to be determined which phase of Melastoma malabathricum L. flowering shows the highest levels of quercetin and kaempferol. Quercetin and kaempferol levels were measured using HPLC MS/MS. The measured quercetin levels of K1, K2, K3, and M phases, respectively, were: 19.47 μg/g, 17.78 μg/g, 31.2 μg/g, and 94.32 μg/g. Levels of kaempferol during K1, K2, K3, and M, respectively, were: 140.99 μg/g, 57.28 μg/g, 95.32 μg/g, and 349.37 μg/g

EFEKTIFITAS MEDIASI HAKIM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SURAKARTA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PERKARA CERAI GUGAT

ABSTRACT M. Rizal Abdul Majid, NIM: 122121046, "Effectiveness of Judicial Mediation in Religious Courts of Surakarta in Completing the Divorce Law". Conflicts or disputes that occur between humans are quite wide dimensions and scope. Conflicts and disputes may occur in a public domain closely related to the public interest, in which the state has an interest in defending the public interest. It is different from private jurisdiction, where the emphasis is on individual interests, (private). That is mediation in a divorce dispute, in this case is a divorce. This research was conducted to find out How is the mediation process in solving the divorce case in the Religious Court of Surakarta, and How is the effectiveness of judicial mediation application in solving the divorce case in Religious Court of Surakarta according to Perma Number 1 Year 2008. Mediation is a means of dispute settlement through negotiation process to get agreement of the parties assisted by a mediator. This research uses field research method, that is researchers go to the field to hold observations about a phenomenon in a natural state by face to face or interview. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The mediation process in solving the divorce case in the Religious Court of Surakarta has been referred in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. As for the obstacles as follows: a) Both parties are already intent on divorce, b) One party is not present in the mediation session, This greatly affects the effectiveness of mediator judges efforts to change the wishes of the parties who want to divorce, (2) In view of the effectiveness side, especially related to the time that the mediation in the Religious Court of Surakarta in solving the divorce case has not been effective. Keywords: Mediation, Religious Courts, Effectiveness, Divorce

Potensi Xanton Terhadap Status Oksidan dan Antioksidan pada Tikus Model Aterosklerosis

Latar belakang. Xanton, yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antiinflamasi, serta berbagai bioaktivitas, banyak terkanding pada buah tropis, manggis. Efek xanton terhadap kadar oksidan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tikus hiperkolesterol belum diketahui. Tujuan. Untuk mengklarifikasi efek xanton terhadap kadar oksidan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tikus hiperkolesterol. Hasil. Tiga puluh dua ekor tikuu yang terbagi dalam empat kelompok (n=8), meliputi kontrol; kelompok diet hiperkolesterol; kelompok diet hiperkolesterol + xanton dosis 35; 70; dan 140 mg/kgBB. Kelompok diet tinggi lemak mendapat diet standar ditambah kuning telur, minyak kambing, asam kolat, dan minyak babi selama 60 hari. Analisis kadar hidrogen peroksida darah, aktivitas glutation peroksidase aorta, dan aktivitas katalase aorta dilakukan secara spektrofotometrik. Uji ANOVA dilakukan untuk menganalisa perbedaan kadar hidrogen peroksida, aktivitas glutation peroksidase, dan aktivitas katalase. Hasil. Diet hiperkolesterol meningkatkan kadar hidrogen peroksida darah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Xanton menurunka kadar hidrogen peroksida darah secara bermaknapada semua dosis dibandingkan kelompok diet hiperkolesterol (p<0.05). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna aktivitas glutation peroksidase aorta pada berbagai kelompok perlakuan (p<0.05). Xanton dapat memodulasi aktivitas catalase aorta pada dosis 140 mg/kgBB. Kesimpulan. Xanton berpotensi untuk menurunkan kadar hidrogenperoksida darah dan memodulasi aktivitas katalase aorta