Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Crude Palm Oil Dengan Katalis Alumina Hasil Recovery Limbah Padat Lumpur Pdam Intan Banjar

The purposed of this research is to prove the ability of alumina which is obtained from PDAM sludge waste as a catalyst in biodiesel syntetic from crude palm oil and to get the optimum additions of alumina catalyst and the optimum temperature of process. Alumina catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst or a catalyst which is consisting in solid phase. The advantage of this alumina catalyst is its ability to recovered, reusable, and simple in its separation process, because the soluble product in reaction medium could be separated from its catalyst by filtration. Alumina was obtained from PDAM sludge waste by adding NaOH, NH4Cl, and NH4OH in it, then heat at 90oC for 2,5 hours, filtrated, and dried in the oven. Esterification process works by heating methanol, H2SO4, and CPO at 60oC by comparison of CPO and methanol 1:6 in moles. Continued with transesterification process by temperature variations of 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, and 70oC, also alumina catalyst variations of 3%-b, 4%-b, and 5%-b. After esterification-transesterifications process, we purified crude biodiesel by wash it with aqudest to make pure crude biodiesel.Optimum temperature in this research about 60oC with optimum catalyst about 5%. It was reasoned by optimum yield we obtained about 70,5%

Hidrolisis Karbohidrat Dari Sampah Sayur Dan Buah Dengan Katalisator H2so4 Encer Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol

Bio-ethanol is an alternative motor fuel which environmental friendly and renewable because it can be produced from plants containing sugar, starch, and cellulose. Generally, bio-ethanol production consists of hydrolysis process to produce sugar and fermentation process to produce ethanol. This research was to study process of carbohydrate hydrolysis of fruit and vegetable wastes by dilute sulfuric acid solution. The product of sugar solution was expected to be used as raw material of bioethanol production. The variable of experiment is temperature between 393 – 493 K. The experiment was run with 600 ml sulfuric acid 0,5 % (volume) and one hundred gram of polysaccharide waste in an autoclave. The autoclave was closed prefectly, heated and shaked. When it reached 373 K, the time was taken as zero and sample of about 10 ml was taken. After reached desired temperature, the temperature was kept constant. During the process, every 5 minutes, samples were taken and then be analyzed its sugar concentration by Fehling methods. The homogenous kinetics model of fist orde was used to study kinetics in this experiment

Pemanfaatan Batubara Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Untuk Pengeringan Karet Remah Pada Industri Karet

The scarcity of diesel fuel in the future especially for drying rubber is based on some statements which said that the use of fuel in Indonesiawill increase along with the decrease oil reserve and also with the decrease subsidy. Early efforts have been made to obtain an alternative fuel to substitute diesel fuel as an anticipation step to face the problems that will be a barrier to the continuity of rubber production. Rubber is one of the main commodities from the agricultural sector in Indonesia. According to the thought above, a research has been done to use raw coal as an alternative fuel for drying crumb rubber. This research was done in the crumb rubber factory in Kalimantan. The burner used is Cycloburner made by Water Wide Guthrie, Malaysia-New Zealand. Drying temperature for SIR 10 is 115-120oC. Raw coal used is Adaro-Kalimantan type.The result shows that the gas from the combustion of the raw coal does not affect the rubber quality. The rubber fulfills the requirements as SIR 10 with dirt content 0.03 - 0.049%, ash content 0.37 - 0.48%, volatile matter 0.34 - 0.38%, Po 39 - 48.5 and PRI 70.5 - 76.7

Pengaruh Isian Jenis Bola Kaca Terhadap Dinamika Tetes Dan Koefisien Pindah Massa Ekstraksi Cair-Cair Dalam Kolom Isian

Solvent extraction or Liquid-liquid extraction in packed column is a process of liquid phase separation in which a liquid solution (the feed) is contacted with an immiscible or nearly immiscible liquid (solvent). Mass transfer process occurs as effect of contact between continuous phase from above and dispersed phase from underside column. With existence of packing in column, that caused interfacial area to become bigger and residence time more and older so that improvement of mass transfer process. The aim of this research is to study drop dynamics or movement behavior of drop and mass transfer liquid-liquid extraction in packed column deputizing with overall mass transfer coefficient based on packing type of sphere. Drop shows different behavior at different packing type and height in column. The behavior will be caused changing in number of drop and drop size distribution along size column. Observation of drop behavior is done by using length square column transparent so that visually drop dynamics can be observed and recorded at every segment of column height using digital camera. This research will be done by packing type of sphere and varying flow rate of the dispersed phase to know behavior of drop. Besides this research will also be done observation of mass transfer rate from continuous phase to dispersed phase poured in the form of overall mass transfer coefficient. The research will be done by using water – MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) – n-hexane system. The result of this research for packing type of sphere shows that more and more big dispersed phase flow rate and height from under side column (distributor), hence drop is more and more small with number of which more and more many. This caused significant increase on overall mass transfer coefficient