Report of the Independent Salmon Fishing Group. Established to Examine the Implications of Alignment with the Scientific Advice for the Commercial Salmon Fishing Sector in 2007 and Beyond.

Established in March 2006, the specific remit of the Independent Salmon Group is to advise the Government of the implications of fully aligning with the scientific advice in 2007 and in particular the hardship that may arise for individuals in coastal communities; to determine the scale of financial loss which will be experienced as a result of any measures imposed on the commercial salmon fishery; to make recommendations, if appropriate, to address any financial hardship experienced; to consider the extent to which those stakeholders, who would be the main economic beneficiaries of more salmon being returned to the rivers, should contribute to any scheme, whether in cash or in kind (including improved tourist access); and, to determine the implications for the angling sector. In addition the Independent Group was free to advise the Minister on any aspects of the commercial salmon fishing sector that in its view merits comment. The Group sought guidance and advice from a wide range of state agencies and other statutory bodies including the Marine Institute, the Central Fisheries Board, the National Fisheries Managers Executive and Bord Iascaigh Mhara and undertook a direct consultation process meeting with 87 individuals representing 46 different agencies, organisations, groups, as well as individual stakeholders. The Group received 64 written submissions and reviewed the many reports generated through the National Salmon Commission and its Standing Scientific Committee, the National Fisheries Management Executive, and available publications dealing with related issues from a wide range of sources. The Group also traveled on three occasions to meet directly with salmon fishermen

First compliance report to the Minister for Justice, Equality & Law Reform Dermot Ahern, TD in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Display and Sale of Alcohol in Mixed Trading Premises.

The First Compliance Report on the implementation of the Code of Practice on the Sale and Display of Alcohol Products in Mixed Trading Premises which was submitted to the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform on 30 September 2009 by Padraic White, Chairperson of the Responsible Retailing of Alcohol in Ireland Ltd

Sixth compliance report. In accordance with the Code of Practice on the Display and Sale of Alcohol-Products in Mixed Trading Premises for the year to end of September 2014.

Regarding the operations of the Responsible Retailing of Alcohol in Ireland (RRAI) over the past twelve months, the key points to note (and which are set out in more detail in the body of this report) are as follows: • The RRAI’s Membership continues to represent the overwhelming majority of mixed trade retailers in the Republic of Ireland. As noted in the fifth annual compliance report a significant increase in membership occurred in 2013 when the following five mixed trading retail-groups joined the RRAI, Applegreen, Checkout (under the umbrella of Gala), Daybreak (under the umbrella of Musgrave), and Fresh and XL (both under the umbrella of BWG Foods) brought the number of stores operating the Code to 2,594, as compared to 2,315 in 2012. • As in previous years, the RRAI has continued to implement and monitor its Code of Practice, primarily through the annual independent audit of compliance, and the continued operation of the RRAI’s complaint-mechanisms, particularly the RRAI’s telephone hotline. • In the great majority of complaints brought to my attention, the Members immediately rectify the cause of the complaint, which is generally a one-off inadvertent breach at store-level. The RRAI Board remain ready to apply the RRAI’s sanctions-policy (see Annex 4) in case of persistent non-compliance by any Member. • One of the most visible manifestations of the Code-restraints is the rule on newspaper-advertisements for Members, whereby a maximum of 25% of the core advertising-space can be allocated to alcohol-products within any single advertisement. There is now almost universal compliance by RRAI-members with this restriction. • The RRAI continue to actively engage with the small number of independent mixed traders who are not Members, with a view to such retailers joining the RRAI and/or complying with the RRAI Code of Practice, in the interests of adhering to good practice in the display, advertising and promotion of alcohol-products. • The anchor-point of the RRAI Code compliance-mechanism is the annual independent national audit carried out by a professional retail-audit company. Due to the increase in the number of Member-stores, the annual audit covered 402 stores in 2014, compared to 361 stores in 2012. • I am pleased to report that the results of this year’s annual independent audit of compliance (as set out in Part 4 of this report) show an overall compliance-rate of 86.07%. This figure shows an increase of almost 3 percentage points versus the comparable audit in 2013. The multiple-supermarket sector had a compliance rate of 93.68%, and the convenience-store sector compliance-rate was 79.25% showing a significant improvement versus the 2013 result of 73.73%. • There are three core questions in the audit regarding the in-store physical display of alcohol-products. In this year’s audit, despite the significant increase in new membership to be audited the overall compliance-rate for each of these three questions ranged from 94.85% to 99.30%. • 2014 saw significant improvement in those variables relating to in-store documentation. Compliance to the proper in-store display of the A3 code-poster requires the easy visibility of the document itself and also for all details of the licence holder, complaints hotline and website details to be accurately presented on it. Compliance on this variable in 2014 was 95.02% versus 93.75% in 2013. Compliance with the availability of the in-store briefing document for staff-members was 94.78% in 2014 versus 90% in 2013. Had all relevant documentation been in place the overall compliance rate would have exceeded 91%. I have therefore requested that Members place a renewed focus on ensuring that there is a higher rate of compliance with documentation criteria. • In October 2013, the Government announced a package of alcohol related measures including the replacement of the existing voluntary Code on the display and sale of alcohol in mixed trade premises with a statutory Code under Section 17 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011. It was announced that following its introduction a review of the effectiveness of this Code would take place after two years. Depending on the outcome of this review a decision may be made by the Minister for Justice & Equality to either make the statutory Code permanent or activate Section 9 of the Intoxicating Liquor Act 2008. • The RRAI re-iterates its firm support for the introduction of a strengthened RRAI Code of Practice on a statutory footing under Section 17 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011

Fifth compliance report. In accordance with the Code of Practice on the Display and Sale of Alcohol-Products in Mixed Trading Premises for the year to end of September 2013.

• As in previous years, the RRAI has continued to implement and monitor its Code of Practice, primarily through the annual independent audit of compliance, and the continued operation of the RRAI’s complaint-mechanisms, particularly the RRAI’s telephone hotline. The number of upheld complaints regarding breaches of the RRAI Code has fallen sharply over the past twelve months when compared to previous years. In the great majority of complaints brought to my attention, the Members immediately rectify the cause of the complaint, which is generally a one-off inadvertent breach at store-level. The RRAI Board remain ready to apply the RRAI’s sanctions-policy (see Annex 4) in case of persistent noncompliance by any Member. • One of the most visible manifestations of the Code-restraints is the rule on newspaper-advertisements for Members, whereby a maximum of 25% of the core advertising-space can be allocated to alcohol-products within any single advertisement. There is now almost universal compliance by RRAI-Members with this restriction. • The RRAI has continued to seek to engage with independent mixed traders who are not Members, with a view to such retailers joining the RRAI and/or complying with the RRAI Code of Practice, in the interests of adhering to good practice in the display, advertising and promotion of alcohol-products. In addition, in September 2013, in the interests of upholding good practice in the entire mixed trading sector, the RRAI Board issued a notice of objection to the renewal of the liquor licences attaching to a non-affiliated mixed trading store. • The anchor-point of the RRAI Code compliance-mechanism is the annual independent national audit carried out by a professional retail-audit company. Due to the increase in the number of Member-stores, the annual audit covered 400 stores in 2013, compared to 361 stores in 2012. • The results of this year’s annual independent audit of compliance (as set out in Part 4 of this report) show an overall compliance-rate of 83.50%. Although this is lower than in previous years, it remains a high level of compliance and I consider it to be acceptable. The multiple-supermarket sector had a compliance-rate of 95.08%, and the convenience-store sector compliance-rate was 73.73%. • There are three core questions in the audit regarding the in-store physical display of alcohol-products. In this year’s audit, the overall compliance-rate for each of these three questions ranged from 95.25% to 99.50%. • The most prominent reasons why stores failed the 2013 annual audit relate to in-store Code documentation, namely not properly displaying the A3 Code-poster, and being unable to produce a copy of the in-store briefing document for staff-members. I have requested that Members place a renewed focus on ensuring that these documentation-issues are resolved. • The RRAI has continued its detailed discussions with Mr. Alan Shatter T.D., Minister for Justice and Equality, and his Departmental officials. The RRAI has re-iterated its firm support for the introduction of a strengthened RRAI Code of Practice on a statutory footing under Section 17 of the Civil Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2011, and awaits a Government-decision in this regard

Symposium on industrial policy in Ireland

I welcome the opportunity to speak under the auspices of such a distinguished forum as the Statistical & Social Inquiry Society of Ireland. My first introduction to the Society was through the well thumbed volumes of its annual proceedings stored in the recesses of the National Library in Kildare Street when studying for a University degree. The printed texts of the Society recall the great economic issues of years gone by and by virtue of the insights and research incorporated in the papers, they stand the test of time remarkably well. My sense of the Society\u27s distinguished past induces in me a certain feeling of trepidation when invited in from "the field of play" to reflect on the dominant intellectual and executive preoccupation of my own career for the past twelve years. A symposium on Industrial Policy in Ireland at this time is most opportune. A major review of "Policies for Industrial Development" has been undertaken and recently published by the NESC which will be taken into account in deciding future directions in industrial policy. The severity of the current economic recession in Ireland coupled with the rise in population and unemployment has created a widespread desire for a new approach to creating more jobs. A new Government is expected to be formed shortly and will be confronted with the formulation of job creating policies

Report of the Independent Salmon Fishing Group. Established to Examine the Implications of Alignment with the Scientific Advice for the Commercial Salmon Fishing Sector in 2007 and Beyond.

Established in March 2006, the specific remit of the Independent Salmon Group is to advise the Government of the implications of fully aligning with the scientific advice in 2007 and in particular the hardship that may arise for individuals in coastal communities; to determine the scale of financial loss which will be experienced as a result of any measures imposed on the commercial salmon fishery; to make recommendations, if appropriate, to address any financial hardship experienced; to consider the extent to which those stakeholders, who would be the main economic beneficiaries of more salmon being returned to the rivers, should contribute to any scheme, whether in cash or in kind (including improved tourist access); and, to determine the implications for the angling sector. In addition the Independent Group was free to advise the Minister on any aspects of the commercial salmon fishing sector that in its view merits comment. The Group sought guidance and advice from a wide range of state agencies and other statutory bodies including the Marine Institute, the Central Fisheries Board, the National Fisheries Managers Executive and Bord Iascaigh Mhara and undertook a direct consultation process meeting with 87 individuals representing 46 different agencies, organisations, groups, as well as individual stakeholders. The Group received 64 written submissions and reviewed the many reports generated through the National Salmon Commission and its Standing Scientific Committee, the National Fisheries Management Executive, and available publications dealing with related issues from a wide range of sources. The Group also traveled on three occasions to meet directly with salmon fishermen

Report of the Independent Salmon Fishing Group. Established to Examine the Implications of Alignment with the Scientific Advice for the Commercial Salmon Fishing Sector in 2007 and Beyond.

Established in March 2006, the specific remit of the Independent Salmon Group is to advise the Government of the implications of fully aligning with the scientific advice in 2007 and in particular the hardship that may arise for individuals in coastal communities; to determine the scale of financial loss which will be experienced as a result of any measures imposed on the commercial salmon fishery; to make recommendations, if appropriate, to address any financial hardship experienced; to consider the extent to which those stakeholders, who would be the main economic beneficiaries of more salmon being returned to the rivers, should contribute to any scheme, whether in cash or in kind (including improved tourist access); and, to determine the implications for the angling sector. In addition the Independent Group was free to advise the Minister on any aspects of the commercial salmon fishing sector that in its view merits comment. The Group sought guidance and advice from a wide range of state agencies and other statutory bodies including the Marine Institute, the Central Fisheries Board, the National Fisheries Managers Executive and Bord Iascaigh Mhara and undertook a direct consultation process meeting with 87 individuals representing 46 different agencies, organisations, groups, as well as individual stakeholders. The Group received 64 written submissions and reviewed the many reports generated through the National Salmon Commission and its Standing Scientific Committee, the National Fisheries Management Executive, and available publications dealing with related issues from a wide range of sources. The Group also traveled on three occasions to meet directly with salmon fishermen

Report of the Independent Salmon Fishing Group. Established to Examine the Implications of Alignment with the Scientific Advice for the Commercial Salmon Fishing Sector in 2007 and Beyond.

Established in March 2006, the specific remit of the Independent Salmon Group is to advise the Government of the implications of fully aligning with the scientific advice in 2007 and in particular the hardship that may arise for individuals in coastal communities; to determine the scale of financial loss which will be experienced as a result of any measures imposed on the commercial salmon fishery; to make recommendations, if appropriate, to address any financial hardship experienced; to consider the extent to which those stakeholders, who would be the main economic beneficiaries of more salmon being returned to the rivers, should contribute to any scheme, whether in cash or in kind (including improved tourist access); and, to determine the implications for the angling sector. In addition the Independent Group was free to advise the Minister on any aspects of the commercial salmon fishing sector that in its view merits comment. The Group sought guidance and advice from a wide range of state agencies and other statutory bodies including the Marine Institute, the Central Fisheries Board, the National Fisheries Managers Executive and Bord Iascaigh Mhara and undertook a direct consultation process meeting with 87 individuals representing 46 different agencies, organisations, groups, as well as individual stakeholders. The Group received 64 written submissions and reviewed the many reports generated through the National Salmon Commission and its Standing Scientific Committee, the National Fisheries Management Executive, and available publications dealing with related issues from a wide range of sources. The Group also traveled on three occasions to meet directly with salmon fishermen

Disambiguating durational cues for speech segmentation

Vowels are lengthened in lexically stressed syllables and also in word-final syllables. Both stress and final-syllable lengthening can assist in word segmentation from continuous speech, but in languages like English, with a preponderance of stress-initial words, lengthening cues may conflict for indicating word boundaries. An analysis of a large corpus of English speech demonstrated that speakers provide distributional information sufficient to potentially allow listeners to determine whether vowel lengthening is associated with lexical stress or word finality without relying on a congruence of multiple suprasegmental cues to make the distinction

Protamine sulfate down-regulates thrombin generation by inhibiting factor V activation

Protamine sulfate is a positively charged polypeptide widely used to reverse heparin-induced anticoagulation. Paradoxically, prospective randomized trials have shown that protamine administration for heparin neutralization is associated with increased bleeding, particularly after cardiothoracic surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The molecular mechanism(s) through which protamine mediates this anticoagulant effect has not been defined. In vivo administration of pharmacologic doses of protamine to BALB/c mice significantly reduced plasma thrombin generation and prolonged tail-bleeding time (from 120 to 199 seconds). Similarly, in pooled normal human plasma, protamine caused significant dose-dependent prolongations of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Protamine also markedly attenuated tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation in human plasma, causing a significant decrease in endogenous thrombin potential (41% ± 7%). As expected, low-dose protamine effectively reversed the anticoagulant activity of unfractionated heparin in plasma. However, elevated protamine concentrations were associated with progressive dose-dependent reduction in thrombin generation. To assess the mechanism by which protamine mediates down-regulation of thrombin generation, the effect of protamine on factor V activation was assessed. Protamine was found to significantly reduce the rate of factor V activation by both thrombin and factor Xa. Protamine mediates its anticoagulant activity in plasma by down-regulation of thrombin generation via a novel mechanism, specifically inhibition of factor V activation