Phenoloxidase, an effective bioactivity target for botanical insecticide screening from green walnut husks

<p>Phenoloxidase, a critical enzyme in insects, may serve as a promising target in botanical insecticide development. In an effort to identify active ingredients with insecticidal properties in green walnut husks, juglone and plumbagin were isolated from the chloroform extract using phenoloxidase as bioactive target with the IC₅₀ of 0.247 g/L and 0.256 g/L, respectively. After an artificial diet feeding of the juglone or plumbagin, more than 50% corrected mortality in stomach toxicity form was observed in <i>Pieris rapae</i> Linne larvae and <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Hübner larvae at the concentration ≥0.01 g/L, the LC₅₀ of juglone and plumbagin for two kinds of insects were determined as 0.012, 0.011 and 0.022, 0.030 g/L, respectively. This research indicated the significance of PO as bioactive target in pesticides identification and also shed light on the development of phenoloxidase inhibitor as promising botanical insecticides in the future.</p

Enabling Prussian Blue with Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances: Simultaneously Enhanced Dual-Mode Imaging and Tumor Photothermal Therapy

Prussian blue (PB) has been used as a photothermal conversion agent to generate heat to induce localized damage to tumor. However, its therapeutic efficiency is far from satisfactory. One of the major obstacles is that the maximum NIR absorption peak of PB within 690–720 nm cannot be optimized near the wavelength of the laser to enhance its therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we report that the integration of Gd³⁺ into PB nanocrystals (GPB NCs) enables PB with tunable localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) from 710 to 910 nm, achieving the maximum NIR peak near the wavelength of the laser. Concurrently, the efficiency of dual-mode imaging including photoacoustic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging has been greatly improved. These enhancements in dual-mode imaging and photothermal therapy enable PB with low nanomaterial dose and laser flux. Additionally, it is found that GPB NCs show the capability of not only acting as a chemical probe with tunable sensitivity but also scavenging reactive oxygen species. The integration of functional ions into a photothermal conversion agent is an efficient strategy to improve the synergy of nanoagent, enchancing tumor theranostic efficiency

Additional file 1 of Triglyceride-glucose index, symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis and recurrence risk in minor stroke patients with hypertension

Additional file 1: Table S1. Frequency and percentage of missing variables. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of patients included and excluded due to missing data of TG, FBG and intracranial artery imaging. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of patients with or without sICAS. Table S4. Univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with sICAS. Table S5. Univariate linear regression analysis of risk factors associated with ICASB. Table S6. Subgroup analysis between TyG index and the degree of sICAS. Table S7. Univariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors associated with ischemic stroke recurrence. Table S8. Sensitivity analysis after multiple imputation of variates with missing values. Table S9. Interaction effect on stroke recurrence between TyG and sICAS. Table S10. The value of TyG improved the risk stratification of stroke recurrence according to continuous-NRI and IDI. Figure S1. Pattern of missing data. Figure S2. Distribution of arteries responsible for sICAS. Figure S3. Association between responsible sICAS arteries and TyG. Figure S4. Contour plots reflecting the effect of age, BMI, and blood pressure on the relationship between TyG and sICAS. Figure S5. X-tile analyses of TyG optimal cutoff value. Figure S6. Combined effect of TyG and burden of ICAS on ischemic stroke recurrence. Figure S7. IDI plot