Implementation Failure and System Developer Values: Assumptions, 7[tuisms and Empirical Evidence

In the information systems literature the incidence of implementation failures has increasingly been attributed to excessive attention to technical and economic issues, and an absence of concern about the social, political, and psychological (individual) aspects of the system being developed. On an intuitive level this has been explained by assuming a techno-economic value orientation of the system developer This paper presents empirical evidence in support of the assumption of the dominance of technical and economic values in system developers. The basis of this evidence is a field study of developer values. These values were measured by adapting a value measurement methodology developed by England (1967). This methodology determines the behavioral relevance of values by classifying them from operative (most likely to govern behavior) to non-relevant (values having no impact on behavior). The study results show that technical and economic values are the most operative of system developer values. In the social, political, psychological domain, systemic values, and the values relating to the organization and functioning of the development project were found to be operative. However, the study found that the developers considered user job satisfaction related values mostly non-relevant

Thermal Properties of a Hot Pion Gas beyond the Quasiparticle Approximation

Within the Matsubara formalism we derive expressions for the pion self-energy and the two-pion propagator in a hot pion gas. These quantities are used to selfconsistently calculate the in-medium $\pi\pi$ amplitude beyond the quasiparticle approximation (QPA). The results are shown to differ significantly from QPA-based calculations. We also examine the impact of chiral constraints on the $\pi\pi$ interaction in a chirally improved version of the J\"ulich $\pi\pi$ model.Comment: 12 pages LaTex (3 figures uuencoded

Quantitative analysis of headspace volatile compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and their contribution to the aroma of Chardonnay wine.

The quantitative determination of volatile compounds of Chardonnay wines using HS-SPME-GC × GC/TOFMS along with the determination of odor activity value (OAV) and relative odor contribution (ROC) of volatiles are reported for the first time. The use of GC × GC/TOFMS for the analysis of Chardonnay wine of Serra Gaucha resulted in the tentative identification of 243 compounds, showing the superior performance of this analytical technique for this specific varietal wine, considering that the number of compounds usually separated by 1D-GC for this type of wine is lower. Furthermore, 42 compounds co-eluted in the first dimension and 34 of them were separated in the second dimension, while the others were resolved by spectral deconvolution (8), which indicates that the conventional 1D-GC/MS may result in misleading results. The calculation of OAV and ROC allowed the determination of the volatile compounds that presented the greater contribution to wine aroma. Ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl butanoate, and beta-damascenone showed the highest OAV and ROC values, although other 43 compounds showed also potential to contribute to wine aroma. Figures of merit of the developed method were: accuracies from 92.4 to 102.6%, repeatability from 1.2% to 13.4%, LOD from 0.001 ?g L?1 (ethyl isovalerate and hexanoic acid) to 2.554 ?g L?1 (ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate), LOQ from 0.003 ?g L?1 (ethyl isovalerate and hexanoic acid) to 7.582 ?g L?1 (ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate)

Nuclear Flow Excitation Function

We consider the dependence of collective flow on the nuclear surface thickness in a Boltzmann--Uehling--Uhlenbeck transport model of heavy ion collisions. Well defined surfaces are introduced by giving test particles a Gaussian density profile of constant width. Zeros of the flow excitation function are as much influenced by the surface thickness as the nuclear equation of state, and the dependence of this effect is understood in terms of a simple potential scattering model. Realistic calculations must also take into account medium effects for the nucleon--nucleon cross section, and impact parameter averaging. We find that balance energy scales with the mass number as $A^{-y}$, where $y$ has a numerical value between 0.35 and 0.5, depending on the assumptions about the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section.Comment: 11 pages (LaTeX), 7 figures (not included), MSUCL-884, WSU-NP-93-

Análise multivariada de dados da cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente para diferenciação de vinhos varietais.

XIV COLACRO

Determination of the possible contribution to aroma using odor activity values of volatile compounds of wines analyzed by comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography.

The aim of this study was to use the HS-SPME-GC × GC/TOFMS to quantify volatile compounds of wines produced with Chardonnay grapes in Serra Gaúcha region, Brazil and determine their possible contribution to aroma through the determination of OAV for each tentatively identified compound